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The use of air photographs as an aid to understanding and mapping natural resources has long been an established technique. The advent of satellite imagery was, and indeed by many still is, regarded as a very high altitude air photograph, but with the introduction of digital techniques the full analysis of imagery has become very sophisticated. Radar imagery presents the resource scientist with a new imaging technique that has to be understood and used, a technique which, although in many respects still in its infancy, has considerable applications potential for resources studies. Remote sensing now forms an element in study courses in the earth sciences in many major universities and a number of universities offer specialist post-graduate courses in remote sensing. Nevertheless there are a large number of earth scientists already working with imagery who have progressed from the air photograph base to satellite imagery. Such scientists may find themselves confronted with microwave or radar imagery or wish to use the imagery for surveys and find themselves hindered by a lack of understanding of the differences between radar imagery and optical imagery. Unfortunately reference to much of the literature will not be of very great help, many excellent text books on the theory and interaction of microwaves, on instrument design and construction and on the research carried out on specific target types exist, most of these are however written for specialists who are usually physicists not earth scientists.
This book is comprised of different paper contributions published in "Remote Sensing", under the Special Issue "Radar Imaging in Challenging Scenarios from Smart and Flexible Platforms," for which we served as guest editors. According to the general objective of the Special Issue, the papers included provide a good survey of newborn imaging radar systems, such as synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and ground penetrating radar (GPR), which are designed to operate in challenging scenarios. The latter includes the cases of forward-looking radar or lunar penetrating radar and smart and flexible platforms, such as small airplanes, drones or helicopters. The radar systems described in the book cover a wide range of the microwave spectrum, starting from the VHF band up to the X-band. In addition to the description of newborn systems, the Special Issue includes an important survey of data processing techniques aimed at achieving accurate radar imaging under complex acquisition geometries and/or monitoring scenarios. We thank the Editorial Office of Remote Sensing and all the authors and reviewers for their professional and hard work. Without their excellent contributions, the Special Issue, and thus this book, would not have been possible.
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