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The emergence of new kinds of racism in European societies—referred to variously as “Euro-racism,” “cultural racism,” or, in France, as racisme differential—has been widely discussed by citizens and scholars alike. While these accounts differ, there is widespread agreement that racism in Europe is on the rise and that one of its characteristic features is hostility to migrants, refugees, and asylum-seekers. Migrant Voices aims to provide a new understanding of the social, political, and historical forces that marginalize these new “others”—culminating in an investigation of the narratives of day-to-day life that produce a culture of everyday racism.
Modern roller derby has been theorised as a gendered leisure context, offering women opportunities for empowerment and growth, and enabling them to carve a space for themselves in sport. No longer a women-only sport, roller derby is now played by all genders and has been heralded as a model of inclusivity within sport. Identity, Belonging, and Community in Men’s Roller Derby offers an insight into how men’s roller derby culture is created and maintained, how members forge an identity for themselves and their team, and how they create feelings of belonging and inclusivity. Through in-depth ethnographic study of a specific, localised roller derby community, this book examines how practices of skills capital intersect with different configurations of masculinity in a continual struggle between traditional and inclusive models of sport. An interrogation of the ways a DIY sport can be seen to be achieved, experienced, and understood in everyday practice, this book will appeal to scholars of men, masculinities, and sport. Additionally, the methodological discussions will be of value to ethnographers and researchers who have had to deal with a disruptive presence.
Does multiculturalism ‘work’? Does multiculturalism policy create social cohesion, or undermine it? Multiculturalism was introduced in Canada in the 1970s and widely adopted internationally, but more recently has been hotly debated, amid new concerns about social, cultural, and political impacts of immigration. Advocates praise multiculturalism for its emphasis on special recognition for cultural minorities as facilitating their social integration, while opponents charge that multiculturalism threatens social cohesion by encouraging social isolation. Multiculturalism is thus rooted in a theory of human behaviour, and this book examines the empirical validity of some of its basic propositions, focusing on Canada as the country for which the most enthusiastic claims for multiculturalism have been made. The analysis draws on the massive national Ethnic Diversity Survey of over 41,000 Canadians in 2002, the most extensive survey yet conducted on this question. The analysis provides a new and more nuanced understanding of the complex relation between multiculturalism and social cohesion, challenging uncritically optimistic or pessimistic views. Ethnic community ties facilitate some aspects of social integration, while discouraging others. For racial minorities, relations within and outside minority communities are greatly complicated by more frequent experiences of discrimination and inequality, slowing processes of social integration. Implications for multicultural policies emphasize that race relations present important challenges across Quebec and the rest of Canada, including for the new religious minorities, and that ethnic community development requires more explicit support for social integration.
This paper presents detailed findings on ethnic self-identity and the factors that shape it based on structured longitudinal surveys with a large representative sample of over 5,000 adolescent children of immigrants (1.5 and second generations), from scores of different national origins, coming of age on both coasts of the United States. Four mutually exclusive types of ethnic self-identities emerged: (1) a foreign national identity; (2) a hyphenated-American identity; (3) a plain American identity; and (4) a pan-ethnic minority group identity (e.g., Hispanic, Latino, Chicano, Black, Asian). The paths to those different forms of ethnic self-definition are shaped by a variety of social and psychological forces. The results show the complex, conflictual, often incongruous and unexpected ways in which race and class, discrimination and acculturation, family relationships and personal dreams can complicate their sense of who they are. They suggest that identities are neither fixed nor irreversible, but always a function of relational processes, whose meaning is embedded in concrete social and historical contexts. Ethnic self-identities emerge from the interplay of racial and ethnic labels and categories imposed by the external society and the original identifications and ancestral attachments asserted by the newcomers. Such considerations underscore the need for mixed research methods to get at dimensions of varying subjectivity and situationality, and to facilitate a more thoroughly contextualized study of ethnic identity and social belonging.
Signs of Identity presents an interdisciplinary introduction to collective identity, using insights from social psychology, anthropology, sociology and the humanities. It takes the basic concept of semiotics – the sign – as its central notion, and specifies in detail in what ways identity can be seen as a sign, how it functions as a sign, and how signs of identity are related to those who have that identity. Recognizing that the sense of belonging is both the source of solidarity and discrimination, the book argues for the importance of emotional attachment to collective identity. The argument is supported by a large number of real-life examples of how collective emotions affect group formation, collective action and inter-group relations. By addressing the current issues of authenticity and the Self, multiculturalism, intersectionality and social justice, the book helps to stimulate discussion of the contested topics of identity in contemporary society.
From Afua Hirsch - co-presenter of Samuel L. Jackson's major BBC TV series Enslaved - the Sunday Times bestseller that reveals the uncomfortable truth about race and identity in Britain today. You're British. Your parents are British. Your partner, your children and most of your friends are British. So why do people keep asking where you're from? We are a nation in denial about our imperial past and the racism that plagues our present. Brit(ish) is Afua Hirsch's personal and provocative exploration of how this came to be - and an urgent call for change. 'The book for our divided and dangerous times' David Olusoga
This dissertation fills a significant lacuna in the literature exploring the experiences of emerging adults with minoritized identities, specifically Arab American Muslims. Arab American Muslims hold an ethnic identity (i.e., being Arab) and a religious identity (i.e., being Muslim) that are commonly conflated. This conflation can have an impact on their understanding of themselves (i.e., identity) and negative experiences from others (i.e., discrimination). Social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) ties the meaning-making process that individuals partake in to understand their identity to its influence on their mental health outcomes. According to the cumulative racial/ethnic trauma model (Awad et al., 2019), Arab Americans experience chronic micro-level and macro-level factors of trauma, such as discrimination and issues of identity. Those factors, in turn, impact individual-level and group-level outcomes, including experiences of belonging and mental health outcomes. This dissertation utilized path analyses to examine the role of micro-level factors (i.e., discrimination and identity) in predicting an individual-level outcome (i.e., psychological distress) through a group-level outcome (i.e., belonging) as a mediator. The overall findings provided three main ideas which provide significant additions to the literature exploring the experiences of young Arab American Muslims. First, the findings provide evidence of an intersectional ethnic-religious discrimination experience but a distinction between ethnic identity and religious identity. Second, the main finding that provides an opportunity for further exploration is the significant role that religious identity centrality played in predicting belonging and distress for this sample while ethnic identity centrality did not play a role in these relationships. Third, the role of belonging stood out as an important meditator when explaining the religious identity-distress and discrimination-distress relationships for young Arab American Muslims. While this study’s use of path analyses provides support for these relationships, future research can further explore causal relationships between these key variables through longitudinal studies. Additionally, future studies can explore the impact of cultural-geographical differences, such as the impact of living in an Arab or Muslim epicenter, which may provide more nuance to the experience of this diverse group
Decades of theory, research, and practice have singled out sense of belonging (in its many derivative forms) as a pivotal component of healthy development: psychologically, socially, culturally, academically. The human need for belonging, and therefore its essential nature, have been well established across multiple arenas. Despite growth in this field, answers to the barriers to belonging among marginalized groups and contexts remain especially elusive. For decades, this work was anchored primarily in dominant, whitestream lenses and contexts. Therefore, the authors attempt here to highlight the responsibilities of systems and individual actors to meaningfully adapt and intentionally make space for belonging for all. Within that we advocate for the inclusion and preservation of culture, identity, and voice, and reframe belonging as a fundamental human right. Moreover, the authors draw on insights and generate implications across multiple fields (education, psychology, sociology, counseling, cultural foundations, and community work). Considering belonging through a critical, equitable, culturally-sustaining perspective, while simultaneously identifying settings where more attention to barriers to belonging is needed, is a non-negotiable element of moving the work of positive human development forward.
This study reviews developments in the ethnic and national identity of the descendants of migrants, taking ethnic Chinese as a case study. Our core question is why, in spite of debates worldwide about identity, exclusion and rights, do minority communities continue to suffer discrimination and attacks? This question is asked in view of the growing incidence in recent years of ‘racial’ conflicts between majority and minority communities and among minorities, in both developed and developing countries. The study examines national identity from the perspective of migrants’ descendants, whose national identity may be more rooted than is often thought. Concepts such as ‘new ethnicities’, ‘cultural fluidity’, and ‘new’ and ‘multiple’ identities feature in this examination. These concepts highlight identity changes across generations and the need to challenge and reinterpret the meaning of ‘nation’ and to review problems with policy initiatives designed to promote nation-building in multi-ethnic societies. This book was originally published as a special issue of Ethnic and Racial Studies.
Identity and Belonging examines the interplay between self and society and in doing so explores the complex nature of 'who we are' and 'how we come to be' as individuals and as members of various social groups. Investigating issues of identity and belonging as they emerge in contemporary social life and under conditions of globalisation, the book focuses on continuity and change in the formation of identities and communities. Through a variety of examples and case studies, the chapters discuss how elements such as ethnicity, class, gender and sexuality intersect and are experienced both locally and transnationally. As a modern guide to some classic themes and key thinkers in the discipline of sociology, this accessible text can be used to introduce core topics of identity, social divisions and globalisation, as well as to investigate in detail more specific themes and issues such as migration, consumption and digital media. It is a useful and comprehensive resource for both undergraduate and postgraduate students of sociology and related disciplines.