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A method of examining hydrocarbon gas and total organic carbon data from drill cuttings has been used to identify potential petroleum source rocks and to indicate the level of thermal diagenesis of the organic matter contained in the sediment. As the mechanical disaggregation of the cuttings and the extraction and analysis of the hydrocarbon gases are both rapid and inexpensive, the analyses can be completed almost concurrently with sample collection. Calculation of the regression equations and correlation coefficient for the least squatres line of a plot of gas concentration against organic carbon content classifies the gaseous hydrocarbons as either epigenetic or syngenetic. Source potential is evaluated from a consideration of the abundance and composition of the total released gas.
Over the past two decades there has been increased interest in the availability of hydrocarbon charge through a better understanding of petroleum geochemistry and the identification and characterization of petroleum source rocks. These rocks are geochemically unique and form under specific sets of circumstances. This book brings together both geologic and geochemical data from fifteen petroleum source rocks, ranging in age from Devonian to Eocene, that would otherwise be widely dispersed in the literature or available only in proprietary corporate databases. Much of this information, presented in either a tabular or graphic fashion, provides the petroleum explorationist and the geochemist with a framework to establish relationships among various geochemical indices and depositional settings.
Carbonate rocks have diverse characteristics. They can be excellent reservoirs as well as prolific source rocks for oil. Oils from carbonate rocks commonly have distinctive bulk chemical and molecular characteristics that reveal their origin. The papers collected here are descriptions and interpretations (that is, case histories) of specific carbonate source rocks that range in age from Precambrian to Miocene.
Practical Petroleum Geochemistry for Exploration and Production provides readers with a single reference that addresses the principle concepts and applications of petroleum geochemistry used in finding, evaluating, and producing petroleum deposits. Today, there are few reference books available on how petroleum geochemistry is applied in exploration and production written specifically for geologists, geophysicists, and petroleum engineers. This book fills that void and is based on training courses that the author has developed over his 37-year career in hydrocarbon exploration and production. Specific topical features include the origin of petroleum, deposition of source rock, hydrocarbon generation, and oil and gas migrations that lead to petroleum accumulations. Also included are descriptions on how these concepts are applied to source rock evaluation, oil-to-oil, and oil-to-source rock correlations, and ways of interpreting natural gas data in exploration work. Finally, a thorough description on the ways petroleum geochemistry can assist in development and production work, including reservoir continuity, production allocation, and EOR monitoring is presented. Authored by an expert in petroleum geochemistry, this book is the ideal reference for any geoscientist looking for exploration and production content based on extensive field-based research and expertise. Emphasizes the practical application of geochemistry in solving exploration and production problems Features more than 200 illustrations, tables, and diagrams to underscore key concepts Authored by an expert geochemist that has nearly 40 years of experience in field-based research, applications, and instruction Serves as a refresher reference for geochemistry specialists and non-specialists alike
"This report incorporates the results of petroleum geochemical studies carried out in the Arctic Islands by the Geological Survey of Canada during the period 1970 to 1977. The aim of these studies has been to define the levels of organic metamorphism in this area and their implication to the possible distribution of oil and gas: to identify potential hydrocarbon source rocks and to interpret what the expected hydrocarbon product might be, i.e., oil, gas, gas-condensate; to quantitatively estimate the volume of migrateable oil a particular source sequence might have generated; and where possible to determine from which source sequence the presently known hydrocarbon accumulations were derived." --
This book details the analytical processes, and interpretation of the resulting data, needed in order to achieve a comprehensive source-rock evaluation of organic-rich shales. The authors employ case studies on Permian and Cretaceous shales from various Indian basins and other petroleum-bearing basins around the world to illustrate the key features of their organic-rich shale characterization methodology. These case studies may also help to identify potential zones within shale formations that could be exploited for commercial gas and/or oil production. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to all researchers working in the field of source-rock analysis. In addition, the source-rock evaluation techniques – and the various intricacies associated with them – discussed here offer valuable material for postgraduate geology courses.
This book is intended primarily as a textbook for geolo gists engaged in petroleum exploration. Its purpose is to introduce the reader to organic geochemistry and to show how to apply geochemistry advantageously in an explora tion program. I have made the explicit assumption that most readers will have a sound background in geology but far less knowledge of, or interest in, chemistry. Be cause there is no need for an exploration geologist to be an expert in organic chemistry, the amount of chemistry used in the book is rather modest. It is, however, often important for a geologist to understand some basic vocab ulary. The emphasis in this book is on applications of geo _chemistry to hydrocarbon exploration. Most of the analyt ical techniques are discussed only briefly, because although a geologist should know what a gas chro matograph is, he or she is unlikely to be asked to repair one. If more detailed knowledge does prove necessary, a laboratory is the proper place to learn. The strengths and weaknesses of the various analytical techniques are discussed so that a geologist will be able to anticipate pitfalls, cull bad data, and choose an appropri ate analytical program. On-the-job experience will prove invaluable in converting the basic information from this text into a practical working knowledge.
This chapter is proposed to give the principal learning on the application of the formation of petroleum source rocks and hydrocarbon generation to exploration activities. The evaluation of petroleum source rocks and hydrocarbon generation is a very important skill for explorationists to define the location and type of petroleum prospects in a region. In this chapter, subsurface samples from case study (Sayun-Masilah basin) were used to determine the source rock characteristics and petroleum generative potentials of prospective source rocks. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the source rock in this basin was done by means of geochemical and geophysical approaches for four rock units. It is clear that Madbi Formation is considered the main source, in which the organic carbon content reached up to more than 5.2 wt%. The types of organic matter from rock-eval pyrolysis data indicated that type I kerogen is the main type, in association with type II, and a mixture of types II and III kerogens. The study of the different maturation parameters obtained from rock-eval pyrolysis, such as Tmax and vitrinite reflectance, reflects that the considered rock units are occurred in different maturation stages, ranging from immature to mature sources. One-dimensional basin modeling was performed to analyze the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion history of the source rocks in the study area based on the reconstruction of the burial and thermal maturity histories in order to improve our understanding of the hydrocarbon generation potential. Calibration of the model with measured vitrinite reflectance (%Ro) and borehole temperature (BHT) data indicates that the paleo-heat flow was high at Late Jurassic. The models also indicate that the early hydrocarbon generation in the Madbi source rock occurred during late Cretaceous and the main hydrocarbon generation has been reached approximately at Early Eocene. Therefore, the Madbi source rock can be considered as generative potentials of prospective source rock horizons in the Sayun-Masilah basin.
Current and authoritative with many advanced concepts for petroleum geologists, geochemists, geophysicists, or engineers engaged in the search for or production of crude oil and natural gas, or interested in their habitats and the factors that control them, this book is an excellent reference. It is recommended without reservation. AAPG Bulletin.