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This report from the second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2), which is administered by the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, describes suggested performance specifications for different application areas and delivery methods that users may tailor to address rapid highway renewal project-specific goals and conditions.
In today's world of ever increasing demand on a weakening infrastructure, concentration is being firmly placed on increasing the sustainability of that infrastructure. Tennessee's bridges and the concrete decks, on which the public travels, require a large part of the state's infrastructure spending. Research has shown the current durability standards of Tennessee's bridge decks could be significantly improved which would both increase service life and reduce maintenance costs of these structures. This research concentrates on greatly increasing the lifespan of these bridge decks, throughout the state, through an improved construction specification which will encourage the increased use of supplementary cementitious materials. These improved construction specifications would be performance based in nature and would give suppliers increased freedom to provide a more durable product while simultaneously reducing costs. This new performance based specification will remove the current stringent prescriptive requirements and will use the measurement of surface resistivity (SR) as a key variable to be assessed as a measure of performance. The ultimate goal of implementing a performance based specification is to achieve more durable bridge deck concrete. The proposed specification presented herein grew out of two years of research related to assessing the current situation regarding bridge deck concrete in Tennessee and the development of methodology to perform this assessment.
This synthesis will be of interest to research, specifications, materials, design, and construction engineers; contract and specification administrators; agency project managers and staff; and concrete bridge deck construction contractors. This synthesis describes the state of the practice with respect to the development and present status of waterproofing membranes for concrete bridge decks. This report of the Transportation Research Board describes the use of waterproofing systems applied to new bridge decks and the rehabilitation of deteriorated concrete bridge decks. In addition, this synthesis describes current practice with regard to methods for assessing the effectiveness of membranes, criteria for use, installation practices, and factors that affect the performance of waterproofing systems in new construction and rehabilitation. Suggestions for future research are also included.
Bridges are vital elements of the civil infrastructure system in terms of mobility, environment, economy, and development of communities. Maintaining bridges at sufficient functional and safety levels is an important mandate to ministries of transportation. The 2016 Canada infrastructure report card alarmed that more than 26% of bridges in Canada have deteriorated and the bridges are mostly rated as fair, poor or very poor (CIRC 2016). In the United States, the report card on America's infrastructure assigned grade "C+" to bridge infrastructure (ASCE 2017). Hence, developing rational decision support methods that can assist in managing the vast bridge infrastructure is of paramount importance. This research aimed toward developing a decision support methodology for concrete bridges capable for optimizing the Maintenance, Repair and Replacement (MRR) actions under Performance-Based Contracting (PBC) arrangement through implementing the following steps: i) develop an integrated condition assessment and rating model, ii) develop a forecasting model to assess bridge condition reliability and predict future deteriorations/improvements, iii) develop short- and long-term optimized rehabilitation plans, and iv) design a PBC-based framework for rehabilitation decisions. Upon studying bridge inspection standards and current practices, the research introduces the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) theory and Weibull Distribution Function (WDF) to produce novel methods to rate the current bridge conditions and forecast future performance. These methods integrate data extracted from visual inspection and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) surveys. The k-means clustering technique is utilized to develop a rating index that recommends suitable MRR actions based on an integrated condition rating. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization technique is applied to select the best combinations of rehabilitation strategies under the PBC scheme. The integrated rating along with the GA optimization ultimately develop a recommended work program that considers the identified performance triggers and budget constraints. The research contributes a novel PBC-based decision support framework to the area of bridge management that enhances efficiency in implementing MRR strategies while maintaining the delicate balance between the different stakeholders' requirements and goals. The developed methodology is implemented and tested on data extracted from bridge inspection reports and GPR scans, mainly on bridges in Quebec, Canada. Ministries of transportation can benefit from the condition rating and deterioration modeling to assess their bridges' condition and to interfere and do a rehabilitation action before reaching the end of useful service life. The GA-based model provides the maintenance contractors with optimized interventions plans that specify what type of MRR actions to do and when. Further, it assists the ministries to set the budget for such projects. The PBC framework is expected to assist both the transportation agencies and maintenance contractors in arriving at a fair contract value while maintaining the desired bridge performance.