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Describes a study that identified and modelled the spatial pattern of trees in lodgepole pine sites in two biogeoclimatic variants in British Columbia. The K(t) statistic was used to detect the patterns and provide a basis for determining an appropriate spatial process model. Most sites had an aggregated pattern which was modelled effectively by a Poisson cluster process. An equation describing the relationship between the parameters of the Poisson cluster process model was developed. Random patterns occurring in the plots were modelled by a Poisson process and regular patterns by a Markov point process and a lattice-based process. The appendix contains the algorithm for the processes used.
This study investigated the changes in the spatial distribution of lodgepole pine stands as regeneration proceeds. Data were collected from 29 plots established in regenerating lodgepole pine stands and remeasured two years later. Nine of these plots had sufficient ingrowth to warrant an analysis of their spatial distribution dynamics. Ripley's K(t) statistic was used to identify the spatial pattern of the trees at the initial measurement, the ingrowth trees, and the combined initial and ingrowth trees. The K(t) statistic was also employed to detect correlation between the locations of the initial and the ingrowth trees. The spatial patterns were modelled by a Poisson cluster process, a Poisson process, or a Markov point process when the trees were aggregated, random, or regularly distributed, respectively.
Helps managers, planners and field staff set and comply with Forest Practices Code standards for management of riparian management areas (RMAs).
Focusing specifically on the management of karst environments, this volume draws together the world’s leading karst experts to provide a vital source for the study and management of this unique physical setting. Although karst landscapes cover 12% of the Earth’s terrain and provide 25% of the world’s drinking water, the resource management of karst environments has only previously received indirect attention. Through a comprehensive approach, Karst Management focuses on engineering issues associated with surface karst such as quarries, dams, and agriculture, subsurface topics such as the management of groundwater, show caves, cave biota, and geo-archaeology projects. Chapters that focus on karst as an integrated system look at IUCN World Heritage sites, national parks, policy and regulation, measuring systematic disturbance, information management, and public environmental education. The text incorporates the most up-to-date research from leading karst scientists. This volume provides important perspectives for university students, educators, geoengineers, resource managers, and planners who are interested in or work with this unique physical landscape.