Download Free Identification And Characterization Of An Interferon Stimulated Gene That Restricts Alphavirus Infection And Pathogenesis Book in PDF and EPUB Free Download. You can read online Identification And Characterization Of An Interferon Stimulated Gene That Restricts Alphavirus Infection And Pathogenesis and write the review.

Viral infection of host cells induces the Type I interferon (IFN) response, which ischaracterized by the production of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Altogether, theseISGs function to induce an antiviral state, hindering or blocking various steps of the virallifecycle. Many individual ISGs have potent and broad antiviral functions. However eliminationof a single ISG does not completely abrogate protection, suggesting that other ISGs, althoughmoderate or moderate when considered alone, must work cooperatively to provide optimalantiviral activity.In order to identify and characterize novel ISGs, an attenuated strain of the alphaviruschikungunya (CHIKV-181/25) was tested against an shRNA library of 243 curated murine genesupregulated during IFN treatment. An attenuated CHIKV strain was used with the assumptionthat ISGs with moderate or low activity may be more easily identified due to the reducedpathogenicity of the virus. In addition, the orthobunyavirus LaCrosse (LACV) was also tested, as there have been no large scale ISG screens using this pathogen. A total of 21 and 30 novelmurine ISGs that putatively restrict infection were identified from the CHIKV-181/25 screen andthe LACV screen, respectively.Although independent confirmation of many candidate antiviral ISG targets using bulkCRISPR lines is still ongoing, we were able to validate and characterize the antiviral role of oneof these targets, IFITM3, against alphaviruses in vitro and in vivo. Alphaviruses, which werepreviously thought to be unaffected by this ISG, exhibit reduced replication due to restriction byIfitm3 at the endosomal fusion stage of infection. Ifitm3-/- mice infected with CHIKV exhibitedgreater swelling of the ipsilateral foot at peak days of pathology. Higher viral titers in the spleen,serum and ipsilateral foot were seen at 1 day after infection, coinciding with increased cytokinesand chemokines in the ipsilateral foot. Splenic macrophages from Ifitm3-/- mice exhibited greaterlevels of viral antigen at 1 day after infection with CHIKV, and cultured bone marrow derivedmacrophages lacking Ifitm3 supported enhanced CHIKV replication. To test whether Ifitm3restricts encephalitic alphaviruses we infected WT and Ifitm3-/- mice with VEEV-TC83-A3G,and observed increased mortality and viral burden in Ifitm3-/-animals.
Now in four convenient volumes, Field’s Virology remains the most authoritative reference in this fast-changing field, providing definitive coverage of virology, including virus biology as well as replication and medical aspects of specific virus families. This volume of Field’s Virology: Emerging Viruses, 7th Edition covers recent changes in emerging viruses, providing new or extensively revised chapters that reflect these advances in this dynamic field.
This book describes the molecular biology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, and potential strategies for control of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection. It offers insight into the structure and functions of CHIKV proteins as they relate to host response, interaction with the arthropod vector, and vaccination. A detailed account of both the epidemiological outlook and the clinical syndrome of CHIKV infection is provided. The complex host-virus interaction and the signaling pathways that mediate such interactions are also covered. Throughout the book, graphics and charts are used to provide stimulating discussion on important findings in the field of chikungunyalogy. The chapters are written with a global perspective by experts of CHIKV from around the world. This project is especially significant given that CHIKV is a pathogen of worldwide public health concern. Although the presence of CHIKV infection is not global yet, worldwide dissemination is predicted in the future due largely to the lack of effective treatment/therapy, efficient control of transmission, and knowledge about mechanisms of pathogenesis. Additionally, globalization of CHIKV is predicated on its mode of dissemination (mosquito vector) and cross border travel and migration.
NOTE: NO FURTHER DISCOUNT FOR THIS PRINT PRODUCT-- OVERSTOCK SALE -- Significantly reduced list price while supplies last Addresses weaponization of biological agents. Categorizes potential agents as food, waterborne, or agricultural toxins and discusses the respective epidemiology.
The publication of this volume of The Viruses entitled The Togaviridae and Flaviviridae comes at an appropriate time. The structure and rep lication strategies of these viruses are now known to be sufficiently di verse to warrant the removal of flaviviruses from the Togaviridae family and establish them as an independent family. Flaviviridae have a special place in the history of virology. The prototype virus-yellow fever virus was the first virus to be identified as the cause of a human disease. Some of the history of this discovery is described in Chapter 1 of this volume; in Chapter 10 the complete sequence of the RNA genome of the virus is presented. This sequence not only defines the primary structure of the viral proteins, it also clarifies the mechanism of translation of the fla vivirus genome. Knowledge of the sequence of the structural proteins of these viruses represents an important step in the potential goal of using purified flavivirus glycoproteins as vaccines. Many of the chapters in this volume focus on the structure and replication of the Togaviridae. These viruses have provided valuable models for studies in cell biology, partic ularly with regard to the cotranslational and posttranslational steps re quired for the synthesis and localization of membrane glycoproteins. Fur thermore, Togaviridae have been pivotal in our growing understanding of how enveloped viruses enter and exit from cells. The broad outlines of the structure and gene expression of Togavir idae and Flaviviridae are known, but important questions remain.
Viral Immunology and Immunopathalogy covers topics concerning the role of cellular and humoral immunity in viral infections, factors responsible for the persistence and recurrence of viral infections in the presence of immunity, mechanisms of viral immunopathology, and concepts in the development of vaccines. The book describes the history of viral immunology; the synthesis and properties of viral antigens; and the humoral immune response to viruses. The text also discusses the mechanisms of viral neutralization; cellular immunity; the role of inflammatory cells and effector molecules in combating viral infections; and the genetic control of resistance. The book concludes with chapters on herd immunity; viral immunopathology; and viral immunology and immunopathology. Immunologists, pathologists, virologists, and microbiologists will find the book useful.
Aquaculture Virology, Second Edition covers all the known virus families, and specific diseases that affect each aquatic organism. Descriptions of each disease includes disease name, structure and composition of virus, classification and virus replication, epidemiology, pathology and immunity, diagnostic methods (gross pathology, histopathology, cell culture, PCR, sequencing, ELISA, etc.) and prevention and control. This is an excellent reference of updated foundational and practical knowledge from experts in both academia and research.Those interested in fish viral diseases will find the book an excellent source for high quality illustrations of viral structure, diagrams of pathogenesis of diseases, and many images of gross pathology and histopathology lesions, using the same format in all chapters to facilitate the reading and studying. This second edition of the book will cover all virus families and the specific diseases relevant to aquaculture with current information delivered in a systematic and succinct way to the researcher, teacher, student, diagnostic laboratory staff, clinical veterinarian, aquaculture disease practitioner, farmer, and all people that are interested in viruses in general. - Provides unique, comprehensive information on animal pathogens and viruses found in aquaculture and fisheries - Presents high-quality illustrations of viral structure, diagrams of viral disease processes, gross pathology, and histopathology lesions to aid in understanding - Incorporates all updated changes in taxonomy since the first edition - Includes a new chapter on the impact of climate change on the manifestations of different aquatic animal viral diseases - Describes aquatic viruses of the major aquatic animals, fish, crustaceans, and mollusks
This book is the proceedings of the VIII International Symposium on Nidoviruses (Coronaviruses and Arteriviruses), held May 20-25, 2000, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. This comprehensive new book summarizes current knowledge concerning this group of viruses. It details the genomic structure of the viruses, the mechanism of their entry into cells, their mechanism of replication, RNA synthesis, and particle assembly within cells. The book also describes the epidemiology of these viruses, their pathogenesis, and the role of the immune system in interacting with these viruses.
The book gives a comprehensive overview on the knowledge of virus infection relevant for humans and animals. For each virus family the molecular details of the virus particle and the viral replication cycle are described. In the case of virus types with relevance for human and/or animal health the data on molecular biology, genetics and virus-cell interaction are combined with those concerning, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinics, prevention and therapy.
New emerging diseases, new diagnostic modalities for resource-poor settings, new vaccine schedules ... all significant, recent developments in the fast-changing field of tropical medicine. Hunter’s Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases, 10th Edition, keeps you up to date with everything from infectious diseases and environmental issues through poisoning and toxicology, animal injuries, and nutritional and micronutrient deficiencies that result from traveling to tropical or subtropical regions. This comprehensive resource provides authoritative clinical guidance, useful statistics, and chapters covering organs, skills, and services, as well as traditional pathogen-based content. You’ll get a full understanding of how to recognize and treat these unique health issues, no matter how widespread or difficult to control. Includes important updates on malaria, leishmaniasis, tuberculosis and HIV, as well as coverage of Ebola, Zika virus, Chikungunya, and other emerging pathogens. Provides new vaccine schedules and information on implementation. Features five all-new chapters: Neglected Tropical Diseases: Public Health Control Programs and Mass Drug Administration; Health System and Health Care Delivery; Zika; Medical Entomology; and Vector Control – as well as 250 new images throughout. Presents the common characteristics and methods of transmission for each tropical disease, as well as the applicable diagnosis, treatment, control, and disease prevention techniques. Contains skills-based chapters such as dentistry, neonatal pediatrics and ICMI, and surgery in the tropics, and service-based chapters such as transfusion in resource-poor settings, microbiology, and imaging. Discusses maladies such as delusional parasitosis that are often seen in returning travelers, including those making international adoptions, transplant patients, medical tourists, and more.