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Las identidades sociales de grupos étnicos, religiosos, de géneros, corporaciones, etc. se construyen y resignifican a lo largo de las trayectorias vitales de individuos, familias y redes relacionales a través de la historia. Conceptos tales como raza, etnicidad, identidad están siendo analizados desde múltiples enfoques disciplinares y con el uso de una diversidad de fuentes. La heterogeneidad étnica, cultural, social, económica, religiosa genera espacios de encuentros e integración, pero también espacios de conflicto, miedos y discriminación. Instituciones, sectores políticos, económicos y sociales generan fragmentación y un organigrama donde los diferentes grupos sociales deben ser ubicados para conservar un orden conveniente. Dicha fragmentación origina marginalidad, exclusión y reacciones discriminatorios de dominantes sobre oprimidos. Manifestaciones tales xenofobia y racismo se hallan presente a lo largo de la historia y es necesario desde los estudios académicos poner de manifiesto cómo se construyen las identidades sociales -individuales y colectivas- y se resignifican a medida que las sociedades cambian. Esas fronteras indefinidas generan la necesidad de establecer lindes, es decir conducen implícitamente a la discriminación, los comportamientos desigualdades y la exclusión.
This collection brings together a wide range of views on the conceptualization and measurement of social exclusion and the indicators for monitoring the effectiveness of policies for combating social exclusion.
Inequality in its many forms is becoming an ever greater problem in modern society. The revised edition of this popular book explains why it is so important to understand class and stratification, and how the tools used to analyse these divisions can help us to understand and confront problems of inequality. This third edition of Class and Stratification has been extensively revised, expanded and updated, incorporating discussions of contemporary economic and social change. It includes discussions of political and economic neoliberalism and its impacts as well as developments in social theory, such as the emphasis on 'individualization' and the 'cultural turn'. New to this edition is a chapter focusing on 'cultural' approaches to class analysis, which together with established approaches are used to explore new developments in social mobility, educational opportunity, and social polarization. The book will be essential reading for upper-level undergraduate and postgraduate students in the social sciences seeking to understand the changing face of social inequality. By highlighting the damage increasing inequality is causing to the social fabric, the book reveals the important part class continues to play in our lives today.
This reissue of a classic book (the first edition of which sold 50,000 copies) explores the 'Pygmalion phenomenon', the self-fulfilling prophecy embedded in teachers' expectations.
In this classic work, Herbert Marcuse takes as his starting point Freud's statement that civilization is based on the permanent subjugation of the human instincts, his reconstruction of the prehistory of mankind - to an interpretation of the basic trends of western civilization, stressing the philosophical and sociological implications.