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Primary objective of the first phase was to identify and assess processes that precede flooding in Hay River and to propose a flood forecast procedure. Six major components of the study: review and analysis of historical ice jam flood data; field surveys of the delta channels and nearshore lake bathymetry; field observations of the delta ice regime; calibration of an algorithm for calculating water level profiles through an ice jam; and based on the results of these, development of a first-generation flood forecast procedure for three salient locations within the delta.
This follow-up study to Phase 1 evaluated potential surges resulting from ice jam failure upstream in Hay River, and developed a user-friendly interactive computer program which incorporates the algorithms developed in both the Phase 1 and Phase 2 studies, for use by the non-technical personnel of the Hay River Flood Watch.
An evaluation of an ice jam flood forecast procedure developed in 1988 for the town of Hay River, Northwest Territories, including use of the procedure by town Flood Watch personnel during the 1989 break-up. Contains additional quantitative information on break-up progression and ice jams in the Hay River; maps, tables and figures.
This book exposes practitioners and students to the theory and application of river and lake ice processes to gain a better understanding of these processes for modelling and forecasting. It focuses on the following processes of the surface water ice: freeze-up, ice cover thickening, ice cover breakup and ice jamming. The reader will receive a fundamental understanding of the physical processes of each component and how they are applied in monitoring and modelling ice covers during the winter season and forecasting ice floods. Exercises accompany each component to reinforce the theoretical principles learned. These exercises will also expose the reader to different tools to process data, such a space-borne remote sensing imagery for ice cover classification. A thread supporting numerical modelling of river ice and lake ice processes runs through the book.
This survey of current knowledge and research in hydrology in the Canadian north includes data on climate snow, permafrost, ground water, floating ice, glaciers, water quality and the regional energy balance.
This report presents the results of the Corps of Engineers' Section 22 study of ice jam flooding in the Lower Platte River basin. The purpose of the study was to gather and analyze historical data relating to ice jams, with the intent of developing guidance that can be used to alleviate ice jam flooding at seven sites within the study area. Ice event and related information is summarized for each site. Ice event characteristics for the study area are identified and analyzed. A model for predicting the occurrence of ice jams or other ice events within the study area was developed based on data for the Platte River at North Bend, Nebraska. The model provides the minimum discharge associated with ice events for a given date, assuming a threshold value of accumulated freezing degree-days has been reached. A data collection program for future field observations was developed and placed in operation during the winter of 1993-94. General information on ice jam mitigation measures, as well as specific information on such operations as dusting and blasting, is provided. Specific recommendations include increased monitoring of ice conditions, installation of ice motion detectors and water stage recorders, and further study of nonstructural and structural mitigation measures. The use of dusting and blasting as mitigation measures is also presented. The study was divided into six phases. Phase 1 involved collection of historical information from all available data sources, published and oral. Site visits were made to each identified site. Phase 2 entailed analysis and assessment of the collected hydrological, hydraulical, meteorological and ice data.
This paper is based on the preliminary results of a study of flooding in Hay River.
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 163. The North, with its vast and varied landscapes, sparse population, and cold climate has always challenged its explorers: physically, mentally, logistically, and technically. The scientific community in particular has known such challenges in the past and does so today, especially in light of the projected intensification of climate change at high latitudes. Indeed, there are clear signs that change is already ongoing in many environmental variables: Air temperature and annual precipitation (including snowfall) are increasing in many regions; spring snow cover extent is decreasing; lake and river ice freeze-up dates are occurring later and breakup dates earlier; glaciers are retreating rapidly; permafrost temperatures are increasing and, in many cases, the permafrost is thawing; and sea-ice extent is at record minimums and thinning.