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It is a matter of fact that technological innovation is deeply impacting on our culture, society, economy and labour market. The massive and widespread use of Artificial Intelligence and the strengthening of the collaborative economy (also known as ‘gig’ or ‘platform’ economy) are blurring the traditional legal categories and creating new requirements for protection for employed and self-employed workers. This book represents a tool to understand where we are and where we are going, focusing on old and new legal categories and labour market policies. The chapters included in this volume cover different disciplines, such as legal informatics, labour law, social security law, civil law, and tort law, in order to offer scholars and legal specialists an overall view of ongoing changes, challenges and opportunities from a European Union law perspective.
With the massive explosion of e-commerce, and especially the use of the Internet as a transnational and instant medium for business transactions, has come a whole range of new laws and regulations - and, inevitably, a minefield of accompanying uncertainties and potential pitfalls. So what exactly are the legal issues companies need to address, and what are their implications in real terms for the business world?Find the answers in this groundbreaking study undertaken for the European Commission within the framework of the ECLIP project.With a brief to provide practical help for businesses and e-commerce initiatives, this series of cutting-edge reviews examines and evaluates the special rules designed to regulate the Internet - both at a European and at national level in the Member States. It also explains the relevant technological developments and evaluates them against the legal background.This is an essential guide for legal and corporate practitioners alike, as well as software developers and the consultancy community internationally.A publication of the ECLIP network
Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this practical guide to cyber law – the law affecting information and communication technology (ICT) – in Italy covers every aspect of the subject, including intellectual property rights in the ICT sector, relevant competition rules, drafting and negotiating ICT-related contracts, electronic transactions, privacy issues, and computer crime. Lawyers who handle transnational matters will appreciate the detailed explanation of specific characteristics of practice and procedure. Following a general introduction, the book assembles its information and guidance in seven main areas of practice: the regulatory framework of the electronic communications market; software protection, legal protection of databases or chips, and other intellectual property matters; contracts with regard to software licensing and network services, with special attention to case law in this area; rules with regard to electronic evidence, regulation of electronic signatures, electronic banking, and electronic commerce; specific laws and regulations with respect to the liability of network operators and service providers and related product liability; protection of individual persons in the context of the processing of personal data and confidentiality; and the application of substantive criminal law in the area of ICT. Its succinct yet scholarly nature, as well as the practical quality of the information it provides, make this book a valuable time-saving tool for business and legal professionals alike. Lawyers representing parties with interests in Italy will welcome this very useful guide, and academics and researchers will appreciate its value in the study of comparative law in this relatively new and challenging field.
This book analyses the legal approach to personal data taken by different fields of law. An increasing number of business models in the digital economy rely on personal data as a key input. In exchange for sharing their data, online users benefit from personalized and innovative services. But companies’ collection and use of personal data raise questions about privacy and fundamental rights. Moreover, given the substantial commercial and strategic value of personal data, their accumulation, control and use may raise competition concerns and negatively affect consumers. To establish a legal framework that ensures an adequate level of protection of personal data while at the same time providing an open and level playing field for businesses to develop innovative data-based services is a challenging task.With this objective in mind and against the background of the uniform rules set by the EU General Data Protection Regulation, the contributions to this book examine the significance and legal treatment of personal data in competition law, consumer protection law, general civil law and intellectual property law. Instead of providing an isolated analysis of the different areas of law, the book focuses on both synergies and tensions between the different legal fields, exploring potential ways to develop an integrated legal approach to personal data.
As the concept and use of virtual organizations grows, it is necessary to gain a better understanding of how the virtual economy operates. Managing Virtual Web Organizations in the 21st Century: Issues and Challenges provides a guideline of how to manage virtual organizations, by introducing the concept, explaining the management theories behind the concept and presenting practical examples of successfully operating virtual organizations.
The book analyzes the most relevant developments in the relation between contracts and technology, from automatically concluded contracts to today's revolutionary "smart contracts" developed through blockchain, which are beginning to and will increasingly disrupt many economic and social relations. First of all, the author offers a broad analysis of the peculiarities and evolution of the relation between contracts and technology. The main features and elements of electronic contracts are then examined in depth to highlight the specific rules applicable to them in the international comparative legal framework. In turn, the book provides a detailed explanation of the technology, economic and social dynamics, and legal issues concerning blockchain and smart contracts. The analysis focuses on the question of the legal nature of smart contracts, the issues posed by their development and the first legal solutions adopted in some countries. The comparative approach pursued makes it possible to focus attention on the first solutions adopted until now in various systems, with particular regard to the circulation of models and ideas and to the specificities of their local variations, in terms of e.g. applicable law and jurisdiction. In reviewing the characteristics of distributed ledger technologies, and in particular of the blockchain technology on which smart contracts are based, above all the peculiarities of the latter are taken into consideration, especially automatic execution and resistance to tampering, which simultaneously present significant opportunities and complex legal issues. A comprehensive framework is then provided to reconcile smart contracts with comparative contract law, in order to define the scope and specificities of their binding force, legal effectiveness and regulation in various legal systems. Lastly, with specific reference to the elements, pathologies and contractual remedies for smart contracts, the book examines the peculiarities of their application and the main issues that emerge in comparative contract law in order to promote their harmonized use, in keeping with the transnational nature of such a revolutionary tool.
I contratti di compravendita mirano a definire le più importanti decisioni di gestione delle imprese commerciali. Assumono particolare importanza non solo sotto il profilo della corretta e completa stesura, ma anche per tutti gli adempimenti successivi che possono riguardare i settori della logistica aziendale, attraverso il ricevimento o l’invio del materiale oggetto del contratto, la contabilità e l’amministrazione, nella fase dell’emissione e/o ricevimento della documentazione contabile e del controllo dei documenti ricevuti e/o emessi, e per il settore finanziario, con il controllo delle relative movimentazioni finanziarie. Nel commercio internazionale, sia comunitario che con Paesi terzi, tali contratti mirano anche a regolamentare le operazioni e la documentazione internazionale, con particolare riferimento a quella doganale, di conformità, di origine dei beni oggetto di compravendita. Il testo tratta in forma distinta e completa i seguenti argomenti: Contratti di compravendita nazionali, Contratti di compravendita internazionali, Convenzione delle Nazioni Unite in materia di compravendita dei beni fungibili Vengono inoltre analizzati gli aspetti giuridici in materia di contratti e sono riportati i fac-simili dei contratti di compravendita. Nelle parti concernenti i contratti sono stati esaminati gli aspetti giuridici commerciali, fiscali e doganali, nonché tutta la documentazione aziendale e contabile necessaria per la conclusione di ogni singolo affare, al fine di offrire al lettore una valutazione completa sull’argomento. È stata inserita una parte con la Convenzione delle Nazioni Unite in materia di contratti di compravendita internazionale con la traduzione, non ufficiale, in italiano dei vari articoli, e con l’esposizione sintetica delle principali sentenze. Il formulario è stato redatto per fornire agli Operatori una base di partenza per la redazione dei contratti, nelle loro varie tipologie giuridiche e commerciali. STRUTTURA Parte Prima- Aspetti giuridici in materia di contratti 1. Nozioni giuridiche generali in materia di contratti commerciali 2. I contratti internazionali 3. I principi UNIDROIT in materia di contratti commerciali inter-nazionali 4. Profili fiscali in materia di contratti 5. I contratti nel diritto e nella pratica contabile Parte Seconda- I contratti di compravendita nazionali 6. I contratti di compravendita nazionali: aspetti giuridici 7. I contratti di vendita di beni mobili 8. Vendita a termine di titoli di credito 9. Vendita di beni immobili 10. I contratti affini alla vendita 11. Aspetti fiscali dei contratti di compravendita nazionali 12. Aspetti contabili sui contratti di vendita Parte terza -I contratti di compravendita internazionali 13. Caratteri generali in materia di contratti internazionali di vendita 14. I contratti relativi agli scambi in compensazione 15. Il contratto di consignement stock 16. Contratti internazionali di investimento Parte quarta - la convenzione Onu in materia di contratti di com-pravendita di beni fungibili e Incoterms 2000 17. La convenzione di Vienna sui contratti di vendita internaziona-le dei beni mobili 18. La convenzione delle nazioni unite sulla vendita internaziona-le di beni mobili 19. I termini di resa internazionali Incoterms 2000 Appendice – Fac-simile contratti