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​ Over the last decade the science and medicine of high altitude and hypoxia adaptation has seen great advances. High Altitude: Human Adaptation to Hypoxia addresses the challenges in dealing with the changes in human physiology and the particular medical conditions that arise from exposure to high altitude. In-depth and comprehensive chapters cover both the basic science and the clinical consequences of exposure to high altitude. Genetic, cellular, organ and whole body system responses to high altitudes are covered and chapters discuss these effects on a wide range of diseases. Expert authors provide insight into the care of patients with pre-existing medical conditions that fail in some cases to adapt as well as offer insights into how high altitude research can help critically ill patients. High Altitude: Human Adaptation to Hypoxia is an important new volume that offers a window into greater understanding and more successful treatment of hypoxic human diseases.
Hypoxia is and remains a major public health issue in many populated mountainous areas all over the world. This book is directly derived from a NATO-sponsored international meeting on problems of high altitude medicine and biology, which was held on the shores of lake Issyk-Kul, in Kyrghyzstan, in 2006. Overall, the meeting was an ideal mix of cell biology, integrative physiology and medical applications.
High-altitude illness is a collective term for a cluster of acute clinical syndromes that directly consequence from rapid ascent to high altitude, viz., above 2500 m. The acute syndromes affecting the brain include acute mountain sickness (AMS) and high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE). The current practice of high altitude medicine requires a deep knowledge of existing evidence. However, knowledge of the field is continuously evolving, and there are many gaps in the existing literature as well as areas of controversy despite existing research in the area. Each chapter begins with a real case from the author's clinical practice. After each case, a question is asked to allow the reader to reflect on clinical management before reading the answer and consolidating knowledge from experts in the field. They also focus on the standard practice of management and diagnosis, emphasizing evidence-based care when available as well as areas of uncertainty and active debate in the medical literature. Written by experts in the field, High Altitude Medicine offers the most up-to-date knowledge about high altitude medicine that is not only useful for physicians at high altitude dedicated centers but also medical providers at different levels of their careers, especially emergency and urgent care physicians who are the ones that initially see the patient.
High altitude physiology and medicine has again become important. The excep tional achievements of mountaineers who have climbed nearly all peaks over 8,000 m without breathing equipment raise the question of maximal adaptation ca pacity of man to low oxygen pressures. More importantly, the increase in tourism in the Andes and the Himalayas brings over 10,000 people to sites at altitudes above 4,000 and 5,000 m each year. At such heights several kinds of high alti tude diseases are likely to occur, and these complications require detailed medical investigations. Medical authorities need to inform both mountaineers and tourists as to how great a physical burden can be taken in the mountain environment without risk to health. Physicians need to know what kind of prophylaxis is to be employed at high altitudes to prevent the development of diseases and what therapeutic measures should be used once high altitude diseases have occurred. Moreover, the physical condition of the indigenous population living at higher altitudes such as the Andes and the Himalayas, who are exposed continuously to the stress of high altitude, requires our attention. We have become familiar with symptoms characteristic of chronic high-altitude disease: under special conditions this popu lation has a tendency to develop pulmonary hypertension, which is associated with pulmonary edema, pulmonary congestion, and right heart failure.
More than half a century has passed since man first stood on the summit of Mount Everest, and the story of man's attempts to climb higher and higher unaided is one of the more colourful and exciting in medicine and physiology. The past few decades have seen an explosion in the interest in mountain pursuits in general, as increasing numbers of peopl