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The power sector has undergone a liberalization process both in industrialized and developing countries, involving market regimes, as well as ownership structure. These processes have called for new and innovative concepts, affecting both the operation of existing hydropower plants and transmission facilities, as well as the development and implementation of new projects. At the same time a sharper focus is being placed on environmental considerations. In this context it is important to emphasize the obvious benefits of hydropower as a clean, renewable and sustainable energy source. It is however also relevant to focus on the impact on the local environment during the planning and operation of hydropower plants. New knowledge and methods have been developed that make it possible to mitigate the local undesirable effects of such projects. Development and operation of modern power systems require sophisticated technology. Continuous research and development in this field is therefore crucial to maintaining hydropower as a competitive and environmentally well-accepted form of power generation.
Sets forth the strategies that the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation will pursue to direct its hydropower program into the 21st century. Includes: environmental strategies, strategies to meet national energy needs, and appendices detailing hydropower facilities. Maps, charts, tables, drawings and photos. Superior graphics!
Discusses the pros and cons of hydroelectric power, including an overview of its history in the United States and other countries' attempts to balance electric needs and the environment.
An urgent call for reassessment of policies supporting very large infrastructure projects in developing countries. This case study examines the planning, implementation, and unexpected outcomes--for both the local people and the environment--of one of the largest dams in Southeast Asia, which the World Bank promoted as a new model of sustainable development.
It has been more than 140 years since water was used to generate electricity. Especially since the 1970s, with the advancement of science and technology, new technologies, new processes, and new materials have been widely used in hydropower construction. Engineering equipment and technology, as well as cascade development, have become increasingly mature, making possible the construction of many high dams and large reservoirs in the world. However, with the passage of time, hydropower infrastructure such as reservoirs, dams, and power stations built in large numbers in the past are aging. This, coupled with singular use of hydropower, limits the development of hydropower in the future. This book reports the achievements in hydropower construction and the efforts of sustainable hydropower development made by various countries around the globe. These existing innovative studies and applications stimulate new ideas for the renewal of hydropower infrastructure and the further improvement of hydropower development and utilization efficiency.
As this book demonstrates, it is essential to involve stakeholders in assessments of hydropower development. The author targets policy formation after the UNCED and UNSSD conventions. By drawing on some dozen project cases, the author shows how policy changes have gradually influenced project design and implementation. Readers gain new insights into the reality behind hydropower policy changes as they have evolved over the last decade.
International experts in the field of hydropower come together in this informative volume to explore hydraulic design and new developments, as well as rehabilitation upgrades and new applications. This volume covers examples of projects being carried out - innovative new designs of turbines, the challenges faced when refurbishing old plant, and latest technology in the capturing of energy from low weirs, rivers, and oceans. Topics include: Hydraulic design/new developments Innovation re-engineering Rehabilitation Upgrades/applications Hydropower Developments - New Projects, Rehabilitation, and Power Recovery will be essential for anyone wishing to keep up-to-date with developments in the hydropower industry including design manufacturers, consultants, contractors, operators, and all those involved in the hydroelectric power industry.
Flowing water creates energy that can be captured and turned into electricity. This is called hydroelectric power or hydropower. Hydropower is electricity generated using the energy of moving water. Rain or melted snow, usually originating in hills and mountains, create streams and rivers that eventually run to the ocean. The energy of that moving water can be substantial, as anyone who has been whitewater rafting knows. This energy has been exploited for centuries. Since ancient times, hydropower from many kinds of watermills has been used as a renewable energy source for irrigation and the operation of various mechanical devices, such as gristmills, sawmills, textile mills, trip hammers, dock cranes, domestic lifts, and ore mills. A trompe, which produces compressed air from falling water, is sometimes used to power other machinery at a distance. In the late 19th century, hydropower became a source for generating electricity. Hydroelectric energy is the most widely used form of renewable energy, accounting for 16 percent of global electricity consumption. Hydropower is the cheapest way to generate electricity today. That's because once a dam has been built and the equipment installed, the energy source--flowing water--is free. It's a clean fuel source that is renewable yearly by snow and rainfall. Hydropower is also readily available; engineers can control the flow of water through the turbines to produce electricity on demand. This book entitled Hydropower - Practice and Application emphasizes on theoretical and applied results acquired by the authors in the course of a long time of practice devoted to problems in the design and operation of a substantial number of hydroelectric power plants. The book covers all the foremost components of a hydro power plant, from the upstream end, with the basin for water intake, to the downstream end of the water flow outlet.