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Several state-of-the art models are available for analyzing water quality conditions in complex reservoir systems for a given set of operational conditions. Some of these models can even make operational decisions regarding proper gate regulations to obtain a desirable water quality condition at a dam site for a given set of flow conditions. HEC-5Q, Simulation of Flood Control and Conservation Systems (Including Water Quality Analysis) computer model, has the unique capabilities to accept user-specified water quantity and quality needs system-wide and to decide how to regulate the network of reservoirs. The decision criteria are programmed to consider flood control, hydropower, instream flow (municipal, industrial, irrigation, water supply, fish habitat) and water quality requirements. The HEC-5Q program was first applied to the Sacramento River System in California and a report was published in July 1985. Two other applications are in progress the Kanawha and Monongahela River systems, and are expected to be completed by September 1986. Keywords: Reservoir System Analysis, Water Quality, Case Study, Stream System Analysis, Computer Model.
Annotation This book provides a broad based understanding of the water quality prediction process and evaluates the merits and cost effectiveness in using water quality models under field conditions.
This book offers a practical guidance for environmental engineers and scientists charged with assessing the cause-and-effect of pollutants in receiving water systems. Instead of blindly running models, which is a practice seen too often in today’s field that can result in results with uncertainty, modelers must first understand the physical insights of the specific water systems in order to properly calibrate the parameters of the models. This book reinforces the critical importance of properly understanding the physical attributes of water systems by drawing on the author’s extensive experience in modeling with strong data support. This is also what sets this book apart from the volumes currently available in the water quality modeling field – nearly all other books in the field are categorized as textbooks, and unlike this book, offer few practical examples or exercises to follow. Environmental engineers and scientists engaged in quantifying the water quality impacts of pollutants to specific water systems will find this book valuable in their day-to-day practices. This book is a necessary volume for water quality engineers and scientists to consult for the regulatory planning and management of water systems
The main objective of the Water Framework Directive in the European countries is to achieve a “good status” of all the water bodies, in the integrated management of river basins. In order to assess the impact of improvement measures, water quality models are necessary. During the previous decades the progress in computer technology and computational methods has supported the development of advanced mathematical models for pollutant transport in rivers and streams. This book is intended to provide the fundamental knowledge needed for a deeper understanding of these models and the development of new ones, which will fulfil future quality requirements in water resources management. This book focuses on the fundamentals of computational techniques required in water quality modelling. Advection, dispersion and concentrated sources or sinks of contaminants lead to the formulation of the fundamental differential equation of pollutant transport. Its integration, according to appropriate initial and boundary conditions and with the knowledge of the velocity field, allows for pollutant behaviour to be assessed in the entire water body. An analytical integration is convenient only in one-dimensional approach with considerable simplification. Integration in the numerical field is useful for taking into account particular aspects of water body and pollutants. To ensure their reliability, the models require accurate calibration and validation, based on proper data, taken from direct measurements. In addition, sensitivity and uncertainty analysis are also of utmost importance. All the above items are discussed in detail in the 21 chapters of the book, which is written in a didactic form for professionals and students.