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Hydrogen isotope exchange kinetics of Pd/k was tested in laboratory scale columns to help troubleshoot the HT-TCAP performance problem. The main objective was to evaluate the effects of old and new Pd/k, column diameter, and metal foam on hydrogen isotope exchange efficiency. This efficiency affects the separation performance of the TCAP column. Three kinds of columns were used in the tests: (1) 3/4 inch pipe, 6 inch long, U-shape column. This column was used because it was readily available due to a completed PDRD project. This group of tests compared new Pd/k and old Pd/k, and produced a bake-out recipe for new Pd/k. (2) 3-ft long columns of various diameters: 3/4 inch, 1.25 inch and 2 inch with and without foam (aluminum and copper). This group of tests compared the effect of diameter, foam and Pd/k on staging performance. (3) The Jacobs coil, an existing 20-ft coil filled with Al foam identical to HT-TCAP. This group of tests was to see how a plant-type column performed. The following methods and computer programs were developed to help evaluate the test data: (1) An equation and a visual basic program for calculating response curves to step changes in inert feed concentration. (2) A finite difference method and a visual basic program for calculating response curves to step changes in hydrogen isotope concentration. (3) A finite difference method and a visual basic program for calculating response curves to pulse changes in hydrogen isotope concentration. The pulse response test and calculation were found most useful for comparing the isotope exchange performance of Pd/k packed columns. Increasing column diameter from 1.25 inch to 2 inch reduced the number of equilibrium stages by about 40 percent. Aluminum foam and copper foam did not reduce the number of stages. The new Pd/k required much more bake-out and absorption/desorption cycles before it could reach the same exchange kinetics as the old Pd/k.
This is the very first book that offers an up-to-date and comprehensive overview on deuteride. It not only includes the concept, existing forms, key characteristics, but also reviews the preparation and characterization technologies and the latest research developments of deuteride. The special properties such as the nuclear properties, isotropic and neutron effect, poisonousness, radioactivity, volume expansion are systematically discussed to build up the sound understanding of the materials. In particular, this work reviews a number of commercial and scientific uses of the materials including nuclear reactors, NMR spectroscopy and medicines. Researchers and industrial professionals in medicine, chemistry, biochemistry, environmental sciences and defense sciences will benefit from this work.
This book represents a new "earth systems" approach to catchments that encompasses the physical and biogeochemical interactions that control the hydrology and biogeochemistry of the system. The text provides a comprehensive treatment of the fundamentals of catchment hydrology, principles of isotope geochemistry, and the isotope variability in the hydrologic cycle -- but the main focus of the book is on case studies in isotope hydrology and isotope geochemistry that explore the applications of isotope techniques for investigating modern environmental problems. Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology is the first synthesis of physical hydrology and isotope geochemistry with catchment focus, and is a valuable reference for professionals and students alike in the fields of hydrology, hydrochemistry, and environmental science. This important interdisciplinary text provides extensive guidelines for the application of isotope techniques for all investigatores facing the challenge of protecting precious water, soil, and ecological resources from the ever-increasing problems associated with population growth and environmental change, including those from urban development and agricultural land uses.
Not everyone is a friend of the manifold abbreviations that have by now beCome a part of the scientific language of medicine. In order to avoid misunderstanding these abbreviations, it is wise to refer to a reliable dic tionary, such as this one prepared by Heister. The abbreviation ED means, for instance, effective dose to the pharmacologist. However, it might also stand for emetic dose. Radiologists use the same abbreviation for erythema dose, and ED could also mean ethyl dichlorarsine. A com mon meaning of ECU is European currency unit, a meaning that might not be very often in scientific medical publications. ECU, however, also means environmental control unit or European Chiropractic Union. Hopefully, those making inventions and discoveries will make use of Heister's dictionary before creating new abbreviations when preparing manuscripts for scientific publications. It is a very worthwhile goal not to use the same abbreviation for several different terms, especially if it is already widely accepted to mean only one of them. It may be impossible, however, to achieve this goal in different scientific disciplines. Therefore, although it is wise for the abbreviations used in a publication to be defined, it is also very helpful for readers and writers to use a dictionary such as this one. The author deserves our warmest thanks since we know that compiling such a comprehensive dictionary is based upon incredibly hard effort.
This book summarizes science and technology of a new generation of high-energy andinsensitive explosives. The objective is to provide professionals with comprehensiveinformation on the synthesis and the physicochemical and detonation properties ofthe explosives. Potential technologies applicable for treatment of contaminated wastestreams from manufacturing facilities and environmental matrices are also be included.This book provides the reader an insight into the depth and breadth of theoreticaland empirical models and experimental techniques currently being developed in thefield of energetic materials. It presents the latest research by DoD engineers andscientists, and some of DoD’s academic and industrial researcher partners. The topicsexplored and the simulations developed or modified for the purposes of energetics mayfind application in other closely related fields, such as the pharmaceutical industry.One of the key features of the book is the treatment of wastewaters generated duringmanufacturing of these energetic materials.
Broken up in to three sections, The Science of the Cold Fusion Phenomenon gives a unified explanation of all the significant data on the Cold Fusion Phenomena to date. It presents a history of the Cold Fusion Phenomenon (CFP), gives the fundamental experimental results of the CFP and presents a quantum mechanical treatment of physical problems associated with cold fusion. - Overviews the abundance of research and investigation that followed the 'cold fusion scandal' in 1989 - Explores the fundamental science behind the original Fleischmann experiment
This text explores the history and development of the many technologies that have led to how we treat contemporary urologic problems. From the development of the cystoscope, the advances in laparoscopy, the birth of the field of endourology, to the era of robotics today, urologists have pushed the envelope in technologic innovation. The editors highlight the development of the cystoscope and the early tools used to treat ureteral stones, the development of ureteroscopy, and the applications of lasers and shock wave lithotripsy in the treatment of urolithiasis. Furthermore, they explore the history of minimally invasive treatments in urologic oncology from the story behind the first laparoscopic nephrectomy, the application of hand-assisted technology to the development of robotics and percutaneous treatment approaches (radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation). As the field of urology continues to evolve, urologists will continue to look to the future with the recent applications of histotripsy and regenerative medicine. This text chronicles the creativity, innovation and discovery of the developments of the instruments that allow to practice urology today, as well as glimpse what the future of urology holds.
This book reviews recent advances in the synthesis, characterization, and physico-chemical properties of anisotropic nanomaterials. It highlights various emerging applications of nanomaterials, including sensing and imaging, (bio)medical applications, environmental protection, plasmonics, catalysis, and energy. It provides an excellent and comprehensive overview of the effect that morphology and nanometric dimension has on the physico-chemical properties of various materials and how this leads to novel applications.
Materials Development and Processing for Biomedical Applications focuses on various methods of manufacturing, surface modifications, and advancements in biomedical applications. This book examines in detail about five different aspects including, materials properties, development, processing, surface coatings, future perspectives and fabrication of advanced biomedical devices. Fundamental aspects are discussed to better understand the processing of various biomedical materials such as metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, etc. A wide range of surface treatments are covered in this book that will be helpful for the readers to understand the importance of surface treatments and their future perspectives. Additional Features Include: Examines various properties of biomedical materials at the beginning in several chapters which will enrich the fundamental knowledge of the readers. Discusses advancements in various fields of biomedical applications. Provides a glimpse of characterization techniques for the evaluation of material properties. Addresses biocompatibility, biocorrosion, and tribocorrosion. This book explores new and novel strategies for the development of materials and their biomedical applications. It will serve as a comprehensive resource for both students and scientists working in materials and biomedical sciences.