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Fixed or floating offshore structures and supply vessels in ice prone regions are subject to environmental loading from various forms of glacial ice fragments. Iceberg/bergy bit impact load with offshore structures is an important design consideration but a research gap exists in the study of the viscosity dominated, very near field region, where phenomena such as negative wave drift force (against the direction of propagation of the waves), shadowing, change in added mass, hydrodynamic damping, eccentric impact etc. have been observed in previous studies. In order to better understand and quantify the hydrodynamic effects on small ice masses, a two phase, experimental and numerical, study has been conducted. Physical model experiments were conducted in the Ocean Engineering Research Center (OERC) at Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN). In the first phase, experiments were conducted to investigate changes in wave loads on ice masses at different separation distances from the structure. The experimental results show that the distance to wavelength ratio dictates the corresponding wave loads in horizontal and vertical directions. The mean drift force in the horizontal direction becomes negative (against the direction of wave propagation) for most cases, when the body is close to the structure. As the body is positioned closer to the structure, the non-dimensional RMS forces in the horizontal direction decrease, and the non-dimensional RMS forces in the vertical direction increase. In the second phase, experiments were conducted to investigate the change in wave induced motions for different sizes of free floating ice masses approaching a fixed structure. The experimental results of motion data show excellent correlation with the force data gathered in the first phase. Similar to previous studies, the separation distance to wavelength ratio is shown to dictate the corresponding wave induced motions. As the body gets close to the structure, the surge motion slows and at the same time the heave motion is increased. Some experiments are also conducted to understand the motion behaviour in irregular waves. The significant wave heights showed a standing wave pattern generated by the superposition of incident and reflected peak frequency wave. Further analysis showed that the significant heave forces and motions will increase and significant surge forces and motions will decrease as the body gets close to the structure. Numerical simulations were conducted using RANS based commercial CFD code Flow3D. Flow3D showed promising results when compared against the force measurements demonstrating the highest and lowest forces at different locations from the structure. For the motion simulations, the velocity changes at node and antinode locations in front of the structure are well captured by the numerical simulations. The challenges lie in the proper modeling of geometry and mass properties of the physical model considering the limitations of computational resources. The simulation results for irregular waves show the capability to simulate random waves and force and motion results in irregular waves are also reasonable showing the expected trends.
Advances in the Analysis and Design of Marine Structures is a collection of papers presented at MARSTRUCT 2023, the 9th International Conference on Marine Structures, held in Gothenburg, Sweden, 3-5 April 2023. The conference was organised by the Division of Marine Technology, Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences at Chalmers University of Technology, in Gothenburg, Sweden. The MARSTRUCT Conference series deals with Ship and Offshore Structures, addressing topics in the fields of: Methods and tools for loads and load effects Methods and tools for strength assessment Experimental analysis of structures Materials and fabrication of structures Methods and tools for structural design and optimization Structural reliability, safety, and environmental protection The MARSTRUCT conferences series of started in Glasgow, UK in 2007, the second event of the series took place in Lisbon, Portugal in March 2009, the third in Hamburg, Germany in March 2011, the fourth in Espoo, Finland in March 2013, the fifth in Southampton, UK in March 2015, the sixth in Lisbon, Portugal in May 2017, the seventh in Dubrovnik, Croatia in May 2019, and the eighth event in Trondheim, Norway in June 2021. Advances in the Analysis and Design of Marine Structures is essential reading for academics, engineers and all professionals involved in the design of marine and offshore structures. The Proceedings in Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering series is devoted to the publication of proceedings of peer-reviewed international conferences dealing with various aspects of ‘Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering’. The Series includes the proceedings of the following conferences: the International Maritime Association of the Mediterranean (IMAM) Conferences, the Marine Structures (MARSTRUCT) Conferences, the Renewable Energies Offshore (RENEW) Conferences and the Maritime Technology (MARTECH) Conferences. The ‘Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering’ series is also open to new conferences that cover topics on the sustainable exploration and exploitation of marine resources in various fields, such as maritime transport and ports, usage of the ocean including coastal areas, nautical activities, the exploration and exploitation of mineral resources, the protection of the marine environment and its resources, and risk analysis, safety and reliability. The aim of the series is to stimulate advanced education and training through the wide dissemination of the results of scientific research.