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Studies were continued aimed toward the ultimate development of fuel cells using either hydrocarbons or methanol as fuels and air as the oxidant at moderate temperatures and pressures. Included are work carried out on the effects of the fuel, catalyst composition, and other major operating variables on the design and operation of the fuel electrodes, experiments performed to improve the overall efficiency of the air electrodes, and tests designed to evaluate the operability of the fuel cell components in complete cells. These tests demonstrated the importance of various structural and catalytic parameters in hydrocarbon electrodes. They also demonstrated operability of liquid hydrocarbon electrodes in engineered cells. Finally, they demonstrated the practicality of sustained performance in a self-contained methanol-air multicell unit. (Author).
Detailed information is presented on a continuing research and development program to develop a direct hydrocarbon oxidation-air fuel cell technology. Current work included research on electrocatalysts, multi-component fuels, and investigations with alternate acid electrolytes. An analysis of a direct hydrocarbon/air fuel cell system for liquid fuels is presented. The system represents a view of the upper limit in performance now attainable. (Author).
Fuel Cells: Technologies for Fuel Processing provides an overview of the most important aspects of fuel reforming to the generally interested reader, researcher, technologist, teacher, student, or engineer. The topics covered include all aspects of fuel reforming: fundamental chemistry, different modes of reforming, catalysts, catalyst deactivation, fuel desulfurization, reaction engineering, novel reforming concepts, thermodynamics, heat and mass transfer issues, system design, and recent research and development. While no attempt is made to describe the fuel cell itself, there is sufficient description of the fuel cell to show how it affects the fuel reformer. By focusing on the fundamentals, this book aims to be a source of information now and in the future. By avoiding time-sensitive information/analysis (e.g., economics) it serves as a single source of information for scientists and engineers in fuel processing technology. The material is presented in such a way that this book will serve as a reference for graduate level courses, fuel cell developers, and fuel cell researchers. Chapters written by experts in each area Extensive bibliography supporting each chapter Detailed index Up-to-date diagrams and full colour illustrations
In this final report early experiments on a variety of organic acids used as fuel cell electrolytes are summarized. The selection of tetrafluoroethanedisulfonic acid (TFEDSA) is reviewed and an improved synthesis for the acid is presented. Fuel cell data using high surface area polytetrafluoroethylene bonded platinum black electrodes is given for phosphoric acid, organic acid-phosphoric acid mixtures and TFEDSA electrolytes. For the latter a variety of paraffinic fuels randing from ethane to pentane have been explored and polarization data is presented. Endurance data extending to 400 hours is given for propane and butane fuels. Levels of performance are similar to results obtained with direct propane oxidation in phosphoric acid.
Discussed are various types of fuel cells suitable for front line warfare communication systems. Mentioned is the hydrocarbon-air fuel cell and various electrolytes including phosphoric acid.