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Cities and counties in Iowa have more than 8,890 steel bridges, most of which are painted with red lead paint. The Iowa Department of Transportation (Iowa DOT) maintains less than 35 bridges coated with red lead paint, including seven of the large border bridges over the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. Because of the federal and state regulations for bridge painting, many governmental agencies have opted not to repaint, or otherwise maintain, lead paint coatings. Consequently, the paint condition on many of these bridges is poor, and some bridges are experiencing severe rusting of structural members. This research project was developed with two objectives: 1) to evaluate the effectiveness of preparing the structural steel surface of a bridge with high pressure water jetting instead of abrasive blasting and 2) to coat the structural steel surface with a moisture-cured polyurethane paint under different surface preparation conditions.
Introduction -- Basics of Hydroblasting -- Hydroblasting equipment -- Steel Surface Preparation by Hydroblasting -- Surface Quality Aspects -- Hydroblasting Standards -- Alternative Developments in Hydroblasting -- References -- Appendix.
Introductory technical guidance for professional engineers and construction managers interested in coatings and paints. Here is what is discussed: 1. INTRODUCTION, 2. PAINTING NEW CONSTRUCTION, 3. FUEL STORAGE TANKS, 4. STEEL WATER TANKS, 5. OTHER STEEL TANKS, 6. STEEL DISTRIBUTION LINES, 7. COMMUNICATION TOWERS AND OTHER TALL STRUCTURES, 8. WATERFRONT STRUCTURES, 9. HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES AND APPURTENANT WORKS, 10. FACTORY FINISHED METAL SIDING, 11. CHAIN LINK FENCES, 12. HOT STEEL SURFACES, 13. CONCRETE FUEL TANKS, 14. CONCRETE SWIMMING POOLS, 15. CONCRETE CATCHMENT BASINS, 16. CHEMICALLY RESISTANT FINISHES FOR CONCRETE FLOORS, 17. SLIP-RESISTANT FLOORS, 18. FOULING-RESISTANT COATINGS, 19. MILDEW-RESISTANT COATINGS, 20. PAVEMENT MARKINGS, 21. WOODEN FLOORS.
A large percentage (88%) of state Departments of Transportation have changed their paint specifications since 1969; primarily for increased durability, conformance to new health and environmental regulations, and faster drying. The use of zinc-rich primers and vinyl paints has increased greatly. Surface preparation is considered the most critical factor for achieving durability. Health and environmental concerns are expected to continue to have a major impact on highway steel maintenance practices. The principal factors are limitation of the amount of volatile organic compounds (VOC) released during painting and restriction of the use of lead and chromate inhibitive pigments. While there are concerns about worker safety during sandblasting, these generally can be overcome by providing individual worker protection or by using an alternate surface preparation method. The final regulations limiting VOC emissions have not been defined. A local restriction for California of 250 grams per liter of coating is scheduled for 1982 and is planned to go to zero by 1984. Similar restrictions can be expected in other areas and will greatly limit the types of coatings that can be used. Only high solids and waterborne systems can be expected to meet this type of restriction. While such coatings are being developed, none have been tested sufficiently to warrant a recommendation for general use.
A current state-of-the-art survey is presented with regard to painting of highway structural steel. A thorough literature review was conducted and an inspection and evaluation made of more than 4,000 paint exposure tests. Paint film thickness measurement studies were made. Specific recommendations are given for selecting typical paint systems on the basis of six environmental zones, which represent the range of severity of environment in which highway steel structures are located in the United States. Model specifications are suggested for surface preparation, application, material procurement, and paint system.