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The eleventh in the series of yearbooks on Human Rights in Developing Countries, this volume marks a departure from previous editions and a new beginning. The Yearbook will now bear the title of Human Rights in Development, to reflect the fact that it will explore the role of human rights as an integral part of the development process. The new title is also an indication of the fact that the scope of the Yearbook has widened to include human rights topics and issues in the more developed parts of the world as well as in the developing countries covered hitherto. Moreover, human rights are themselves in development and the new Yearbook plans to keep track of standard-setting in the human rights field. Finally, the new title reflects the Yearbook's aim of engaging in more international and comparative studies on the one hand and in more focused local issues on the other. With the rapid spread of new information technology and improved local monitoring capacity in developing countries, there may be less of a need for the type of nation-level country studies the Yearbook performed in the past. Two themes cut across the series of articles contained in the current edition. One, human rights promotion, is explored in various ways; one article looks at the establishment of national human rights institutions as instruments of promotion; another analyses development interventions in terms of their impact on local populations, drawing on UN and World Bank experience; yet another argues the case for using aid in human rights promotion, exemplified by Dutch aid to Guatemala; a fourth investigates the policies of the EU and ASEAN in seeking to improve the human rights situation in Burma; and finally one article looks at the work of the ILO in standard-setting and implementation in the field of child labour. The other theme, local conflict, is addressed in two articles, one looking at local communities in Latin America caught between local customs and ideologically charged civil wars and the other investigating the tensions between centralized rule and local autonomy in Kenya, recently erupting into ethnic violence. The Human Rights in Development Yearbook is a joint project of the Chr. Michelsen Institute, Bergen; the Danish Centre for Human Rights, Copenhagen; the Icelandic Human Rights Centre, Reykjavik; the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Human Rights, Vienna; the Netherlands Institute of Human Rights, Utrecht; the Norwegian Institute of Human Rights, Oslo; and the Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Lund.
The twelfth in the series of yearbooks on "Human Rights in Development" the current millennium edition attempts to take stock of developments in the human rights arena since the Universal Declaration was adopted over half a century ago. The introductory overview article chronicles developments within the human rights field to date and sets the stage for a future scenario by looking at the respective roles of governments and the business community in respecting, protecting and fulfilling human rights. An article on the World Trade Organisation follows the challenges posed by international trade in a human rights perspective. The appropriateness of so-called smart sanctions as a means of bolstering human rights is discussed in a third contribution. A fourth highlights the gender dimensions of the statute of the new international criminal court. The challenge of accommodating diversity and the rights of indigenous peoples in the new political dispensation of Guatemala is assessed in a fifth essay, whereas affirmative action policies within the context of Malaysia are examined in a sixth one. The difficulties inherent in designing, managing and evaluating aid programmes for human rights and democracy purposes is the theme of the penultimate contribution, whereas the final article considers the use of research in designing aid projects in the judicial system of Nepal. The Yearbook on "Human Rights in Development" is a joint project of European and Canadian research institutes and centres on human rights: the Chr. Michelsen Institute, Bergen; the Danish Centre for Human Rights, Copenhagen; the Icelandic Human Rights Centre, Reykjavik; the Ludwig Boltzman Institute of Human Rights, Vienna; theInternational Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development, Montreal; the Netherlands Institute of Human Rights, Utrecht; the Norwegian Institute of Human Rights, Oslo; and the Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Lund. The Yearbook is geared to a broad readership, including government agencies, donors, embassies, the mass media, non-governmental organisations, the academic community, and the interested public at large.
The Human Rights in Development Yearbook series takes its starting point in a development perspective and aims to be topical, comprehensive and multidisciplinary, exemplifying the “cross-fertilisation” of theoretical and practical approaches.
In recent years human rights have assumed a central position in the discourse surrounding international development, while human rights agencies have begun to more systematically address economic and social rights. This edited volume brings together distinguished scholars to explore the merging of human rights and development agendas at local, national and international levels. They examine how this merging affects organisational change, operational change and the role of relevant actors in bringing about change. With a focus on practice and policy rather than pure theory, the volume also addresses broader questions such as what human rights and development can learn from one another, and whether the connections between the two fields are increasing or declining. The book is structured in three sections: Part I looks at approaches that combine human rights and development, including chapters on drivers of change; indicators; donor; and legal empowerment of the poor. Part II focuses on organisational contexts and includes chapters on the UN at the country level; EU development cooperation; PLAN’s children’s rights-based approach; and ActionAid’s human rights-based approach. Part III examines country contexts, including chapters on the ILO in various settings; the Congo; Ethiopia; and South Africa. Human Rights and Development in the new Millennium: Towards a Theory of Change will be of strong interest to students and scholars of human rights, development studies, political science and economics.
Human rights advocacy in the West is changing. Before the turn of the century, access to goods such as food, housing, and health care—while essential to human survival—were deemed outside of the human rights sphere. Traditional human rights institutions focused on rights in the political arena that could be defended through legal systems. In Freedom from Poverty, Daniel P. L. Chong examines how today's nongovernmental organizations are modifying human rights practices and reshaping the political landscape by taking up the cause of subsistence rights. This book outlines how three types of NGOs—human rights, social justice, and humanitarian organizations—are breaking down barriers by incorporating access to economic and social goods into national laws and advancing subsistence rights through nonjuridical means. These NGOs are using rights not only as legal instruments but as moral and rhetorical implements to build social movements, shape political culture, and guide development work. Rights language is now invoked in churches, political campaigns, rock concerts, and organizational mission statements. Chong presents a social theory of human rights to provide a framework for understanding these changes and defending the legitimacy of these rights. Freedom from Poverty analyzes new trends in the evolution of human rights by combining constructivist and postpositivist legal approaches. This book provides valuable concepts to human rights practitioners, political scientists, antipoverty advocates, and leaders who are serious about ending widespread privation and disease.
This book contains essays by leading international experts in the areas of international criminal law and international human rights law. Part One of the book contains eight essays in international criminal law, covering issues such as the crime of aggression; terrorism and the Statute of the International Criminal Court; the evolution of the law on crimes against humanity and genocide; the doctrine of universal jurisdiction; and the relationship between international human rights and international criminal law jurisprudence. Part Two has eight essays on economic, social and cultural rights, covering inter alia the right to development; genetic resources for food and agriculture; the right to food (also in armed conflict); the definition of cultural rights; and business and human rights. Part Three has six essays on minority rights dealing with issues such as the role of the Working Group on Minorities; the Hague, Oslo and Lund recommendations regarding minority questions; the protection of kin-minorities; and the situation of the Greenlanders. Part Four has fourteen essays on human rights issues such as citizenship and human rights; human rights law, the environment and indigenous peoples; the role of human rights institutions; leadership in the human rights movement; the sources of fundamental rights in the European Union; and human rights and traditional practices. The book also contains a comprehensive bibliography of Asbjørn Eide.
The Right to Development (RTD), a concept that emerged in the 1970s, is one of the most debated and contentious issues in international relations. RTD builds on the rights based approach to development, seeking to integrate the norms and principles of human rights with policies and plans to promote development. Despite its importance for the world’s poor and dispossessed, a great deal of definitional confusion still surrounds the concept./-//-/This primer introduces the concept of RTD as well as discusses its practical application in the Indian setting. It is divided accordingly into two sections, the first of which traces the origins and the evolution of the idea of RTD. This section identifies the defining parameters and content of RTD and focuses especially on the three rights—the rights to food, education and health—that have been identified as a ‘good starting point’ for the implementation of RTD. The last chapter in this section underscores the importance of women’s rights in order to emphasise the need to focus on safeguarding and promoting the human rights of vulnerable groups./-//-/Part II covers substantially the Indian situation relating to RTD. The first chapter in this section provides an overview of the legal and institutional mechanism in India for the protection of human rights in general and women’s rights in particular. The next chapter examines the implementation of the rights to food, health and education. The last chapter in this section details the functioning of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) —which has emerged in recent years as an important mechanism for securing social justice—and the challenges and limitations of this mechanism.
Offering a comprehensive analysis of the human right to development and its realistic application in an era of economic globalization, Daniel Aguirre provides a multidisciplinary overview of economic globalization and examines its challenges to the realization of human development. He takes this further by engaging with these challenges and highlighting the human rights opportunities presented by economic globalization and the international investment system. The volume proposes a triadic system of responsibility for human rights in development, to include mapping the overlapping human rights responsibilities of corporations at the micro-level, of states at the macro-level and of the international community at the meso-level. The scope of the book is broad and the approach to the subject is new. It will generate interest across many disciplines including political science, international law and economics. Activists, academics and development practitioners in many fields should also read this book.
This book provides a comprehensive search for the basic political drivers of international development cooperation, based on the policy and performance of the OECD countries from the early 1960s to the present. The author focuses on the stated and implemented policies of the four so-called frontrunners and the Western hegemon, scrutinizing the changing trends in the justifications, objectives and guidelines set for the policy and their evolving performance vis-à-vis the international ODA target. Through extensive research, the work examines predominant world-views, societal value systems and foreign policy traditions, in order to find the policy drivers that vary nation to nation and how development assistance has evolved globally.
In this first analytical monograph on the subject, George Katrougalos and Gabriella Lazaridis examine the social welfare state of the main four Southern European countries, Spain, Italy, Portugal and Greece. They conduct an overall system analysis of the welfare state in Southern Europe which challenges the prevalent Ferrera model. Additionally, they present a detailed outlook of policies adopted in the fields of employment, migration, health, social security, pensions and gender-family issues.