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New Perspectives in Forensic Human Skeletal Identification provides a comprehensive and up-to-date perspective on human identification methods in forensic anthropology. Divided into four distinct sections, the chapters will reflect recent advances in human skeletal identification, including statistical and morphometric methods for assessing the biological profile (sex, age, ancestry, stature), biochemical methods of identification (DNA analysis, stable isotope analysis, bomb curve analysis), and use of comparative radiography. The final section of this book highlights advances in human identification techniques that are being applied to international populations and disaster victims. The contributing authors represent established experts in forensic anthropology and closely related fields. New Perspectives in Forensic Human Skeletal Identification will be an essential resource for researchers, practitioners, and advanced students interested in state-of-the-art methods for human identification. - A comprehensive and up-to-date volume on human identification methods in forensic anthropology - Focuses on recent advances such as statistical and morphometric methods for assessing the biological profile, biochemical methods of identification and use of comparative radiography - Includes an entire section on human identification techniques being applied to international populations and disaster victims
Human Identification Based on Gait is the first book to address gait as a biometric. Biometrics is now in a unique position where it affects most people's lives. This is especially true of "gait", which is one of the most recent biometrics. Recognizing people by the way they walk and run implies analyzing movement which, in turn, implies analyzing sequences of images, thus requiring memory and computational performance that became available only recently. Human Identification Based on Gait introduces developments from distinguished researchers within this relatively new area of biometrics. This book clearly establishes how human gait is biometric. Human Identification Based on Gait is structured to meet the needs of professionals in industry, as well as advanced-level students in computer science.
Identity theft, criminal investigations of the dead or missing, mass disasters both by natural causes and by criminal intent with this as our day to day reality, the establishment and verification of human identity has never been more important or more prominent in our society. Maintaining and protecting the integrity of out identity has reached
This book offers an overview of human identity and identification, examining the whole body by integrating biological and social sciences and theories.
Behavioral Biometrics for Human Identification: Intelligent Applications discusses classic behavioral biometrics as well as collects the latest advances in techniques, theoretical approaches, and dynamic applications.
As forensic human identification receives increased global attention, practitioners, policy makers, and students need an appropriate resource that describes current methods and modalities that have shaped today’s policies and protocols. A supplemental follow-up to Forensic Human Identification: An Introduction, Advances in Forensic Human Identification covers advances in the most well-known scientific techniques and discusses new and developing subjects and modalities of human identification. A collection of contributions from worldwide experts, the book embraces a broad context and looks at several issues beyond physical identification of human remains or offenders. The book examines online, sexual, and biometric identities and discusses problems associated with investigative practice, such as the developing use of the Internet as a distribution and communication medium for criminal activities. It also explores miscarriages of justice that can result from flawed applications or interpretations of forensic evidence. Finally, it looks at the future of forensic science in the United Kingdom in light of financial challenges and the closure of the Forensic Science Service. Where appropriate, case studies illustrate the use of techniques and the associated problems described in the text. The downloadable resources include images in full color. This volume provides an important contribution to the ongoing practitioner and academic debates surrounding the application of forensic technologies. The insight presented is destined to springboard further inquiry into enhanced techniques and underlies the need for more research into the appropriate use of identification techniques to solve the mysteries of the unknown.
Commingling of human remains presents an added challenge to all phases of the forensic process. This book brings together tools from diverse sources within forensic science to offer a set of comprehensive approaches to handling commingled remains. It details the recovery of commingled remains in the field, the use of triage in the assessment of commingling, various analytical techniques for sorting and determining the number of individuals, the role of DNA in the overall process, ethical considerations, and data management. In addition, the book includes case examples that illustrate techniques found to be successful and those that proved problematic.
Forensic Genetic Approaches for Identification of Human Skeletal Remains: Challenges, Best Practices, and Emerging Technologies provides best practices on processing bone samples for DNA testing. The book outlines forensic genetics tools that are available for the identification of skeletal remains in contemporary casework and historical/archaeological investigations. Although the book focuses primarily on the use of DNA for direct identification or kinship analyses, it also highlights complementary disciplines often used in concert with genetic data to make positive identifications, such as forensic anthropology, forensic odontology, and forensic art/sculpting. Unidentified human remains are often associated with tragic events, such as fires, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, war conflicts, genocide, airline crashes, homicide, and human rights violations under oppressive totalitarian regimes. In these situations, extensive damage to soft tissues often precludes the use of such biological samples in the identification process. In contrast, bone material is the most resilient, viable sample type for DNA testing. DNA recovered from bone often is degraded and in low quantities due to the effects of human decomposition, environmental exposure, and the passage of time. The complexities of bone microstructure and its rigid nature make skeletal remains one of the most challenging sample types for DNA testing. Provides best practices on processing bone samples for DNA testing Presents detailed coverage of proper facilities design for skeletal remains processing, selection of optimal skeletal elements for DNA recovery, specialized equipment needed, preparation and cleaning of bone samples for DNA extraction, and more Highlights complementary disciplines often used in concert with genetic data to make positive identifications, such as forensic anthropology, forensic odontology, and forensic art/sculpting
Ancestry determination in the identification of unknown remains can be a challenge for forensic scientists and anthropologists, especially when the remains available for testing are limited. There are various techniques for the assessment of ancestry, ranging from traditional to new microbiological and computer-assisted methods. Biological Affinity in Forensic Identification of Human Skeletal Remains: Beyond Black and White presents a range of tools that can be used to identify the probable socio-cultural "race" category of unknown human remains. Gathering insight from those who have made recent improvements and scientific advances in the field, the book begins with the historical foundations of the concept of biological affinity and the need for increased research into methods for determining ancestry of skeletal remains. The contributors cover a range of topics, including: Ancestry estimation from the skull using morphoscopic and morphometric traits and variables Innovative methods from metric analyses of the postcrania, and new approaches to dental non-metric variation The biological diversity of Hispanic populations and use of discriminant function analysis and 3D-ID software to determine ancestry Methods of age progression and facial reconstructions to create two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) facial composites for missing people The preparation of skeletal remains for DNA extraction and sampling, and mtDNA methods that are available for identification of haplogroups (e.g., ancestral populations) No single method or technique is adequate in the assessment of ancestry. For accurate determinations, the use of traditional and new techniques combined yields better results. This book demonstrates the large repertoire of tools available to those tasked with these challenging determinations.
The most recent advances in human identification are thoroughly discussed in this important new text. The twenty-five contributions to this volume demonstrate movement beyond the boundaries of forensic anthropology of only a decade ago. In Chapter 2 the role of the forensic anthropologist at scenes containing human victims, including multiple fatality incidents, fires, and serial murder investigations, is discussed. In Chapter 3, the role of the forensic anthropologist is examined in a unique type of recovery situation: death investigative work involving human rights violations. Chapter 4 discusses the cremation process and how it impacts the forensic anthropologist's role in analyzing remains. In Chapter 5, postmortem interval is discussed as well as the factors affecting decomposition, and the author provides a practical overview of recent techniques in determining time since death. Chapters 6 and 7 also discuss postmortem interval related to outdoor death scenes and assessment of time since death under markedly different environmental conditions. In Chapter 8, an overview of the morphological and metric metric approaches to sex estimations from skeletal remains is provided. Other chapters in this part discuss the criteria for sex and age determination of feral and neonatal material, as well as the Suchey-Brooks method and the pubic aging system. Other chapters in the book discuss the following topics: The Application of Histological Techniques for Age at Death Determination; A Multimedia Tool for the Assessment of Age in Immature Remains: The Electronic Encyclopedia for Maxillo-facial, Dental and Skeletal Development; Regression Formulae for Estimating Age at Death from Cranial Suture Closure; Craniofacial Criteria in the Skeletal Attribution of Race; The Timing of Injuries and Manner of Death; Recognizing Gunshot and Blunt Cranial Trauma Through Fracture Interpretation; Postmortem Dismemberment; Saw Marks in the Bones; Statistical Interpretation in Forensic Anthropology; The Forensic Data Bank; Technical Aspects of Identification of Skeletal Markers of Occupational Stress; Facial Approximation; The Evolving Role of the Microscope in Forensic Anthropology; and The Third Exhumation of Jesse Woodson James.