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For many years, as a direct result of international governmental concern, the nuclear power industry has been at the forefront of industrial safety. This text represents a cross-disciplinary look at the human factors developments in this industry, with wider applications for the entire industrial sector. Technical, psychological and social aspects
There is a growing recognition amongst those involved with the creation and distribution of nuclear power of the value and positive impact of ergonomics, recognition heightened by the realization that safety incidents are rarely the result of purely technical failure. This work provides insights into plant design, performance shaping factors,
Human Factors in the Nuclear Industry: A Systemic Approach to Safety presents the latest research and studies of human factors in the nuclear industry. It models and highlights scientific and technological foundations before providing practical examples of applications within the nuclear facility of human performance at an individual, group, organization, and system level. Editors Dr. Teperi and Dr. Gotcheva supply concrete models, tools and techniques based on research to provide the reader with knowledge of how to facilitate and support human performance in this dynamic and fast moving safety critical field. Models and case studies are provided to add practical benefits for the reader to apply to their own projects, including user friendly state-of-the-art equipment, fluent work processes for information flow, functional control room resource management, and scope for competence and learning in the work place. This book will benefit nuclear researchers, safety experts, human factors professionals and power plant operators, as well as those with an interest in human factors outside of the nuclear field. Provides a comprehensive framework for human factors, considering not only the individual, but also the team, organizational and industrial levels Presents tried and tested tools and techniques based on research from the nuclear industry Includes models, examples and case studies of user-friendly equipment, fluent work processes and functional control room resource management
This book discusses the specifics of safety regulations regarding nuclear risk and how experts contribute to the safety of nuclear installations. Drawing on research conducted in collaboration with the French Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), the ideas that are put forward rely on a review of the practices of specialists in human and organizational factors concerning nuclear safety. The author shows that the French approach depends on maintaining a technical dialogue between the regulatory authority (ASN), IRSN and nuclear operators. This method of risk management is known as "French cooking" in the Anglo-Saxon world, where a more formal regulatory approach is taken. This technical dialogue does however hold certain benefits, particularly in the field of human and organizational factors, where it allows an advancement of the state of knowledge, which remains incomplete. After the Fukushima accident, in the face of an ongoing European and global re-evaluation of the safety of nuclear power and alignment towards the Anglo-Saxon standard, the French cooking approach may yet be able to make a significant contribution. This work will be of interest to all involved in nuclear power engineering and in the field of risk management and nuclear safety. Includes a preface by Jacques Repussard, Director General, IRSN, France, and a postface by Erik Hollnagel, Professor, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark / Chief Consultant, Centre for Quality, Region of Southern Denmark.
This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1988-01-01 edition. Excerpt: ...training simulators or in-plant studies. Field research usually cannot progress beyond a limited point without longitudinal studies. For this reason alone, cooperation with operating utilities is essential. In addition, the economic incentives for training research are probably as great as, and perhaps more readily demonstrated than, the safety incentives. Figures given in DOE EP-0096-1983 show very large economic gains from well-designed training schemes. Independent NRC research in the closely related area of operator licensing examinations (testing) appears to be warranted and appropriate; there should be strong interactions between the two programs. New Training Approaches Rationale and Background Training currently focuses on whole-scope tasks with high face validity--an entire emergency incident or an entire plant startup in an environment with high physical fidelity using a full-scale plant-referenced simulator. Training on component tasks, especially the most difficult or critical ones, is given less emphasis. Although the industry, led by INPO, has adopted an aggressive systems approach to training, the work to date has focused entirely on the application of training technology and not on more fundamental questions of the nature of skill acquisition, maintenance, and decay. Research in these areas has the potential to improve the performance of nuclear power plant staff dramatically. New developments in training technology are increasing the potential for alternative approaches that emphasize concept training (Hollan, Hutchins, and Weitzmann, 1984), exploration training for procedural and controls skills (Woolf et al., 1986), and decision-making training for cognitive skills (e.g., Chipman, Segal, and Glaser, 1985)....