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The United Nations Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, known as the Human Reproduction Programme or HRP, has been providing the world with research findings and guidance on sexual health and reproduction (SRH) for more than half a century. This annual report highlights the programme’s key achievements in 2023, and points to major ongoing research that will be completed in the next few years.
Optimizing outcomes for women in labor at the global level requires evidence-based guidance of health workers to improve care through appropriate patient selection and use of effective interventions. In this regard, the World Health Organization (WHO) published recommendations for induction of labor in 2011. The goal of the present guideline is to consolidate the guidance for effective interventions that are needed to reduce the global burden of prolonged labor and its consequences. The primary target audience includes health professionals responsible for developing national and local health protocols and policies, as well as obstetricians, midwives, nurses, general medical practitioners, managers of maternal and child health programs, and public health policy-makers in all settings.
More than four decades have passed since a human first set foot on the Moon. Great strides have been made in our understanding of what is required to support an enduring human presence in space, as evidenced by progressively more advanced orbiting human outposts, culminating in the current International Space Station (ISS). However, of the more than 500 humans who have so far ventured into space, most have gone only as far as near-Earth orbit, and none have traveled beyond the orbit of the Moon. Achieving humans' further progress into the solar system had proved far more difficult than imagined in the heady days of the Apollo missions, but the potential rewards remain substantial. During its more than 50-year history, NASA's success in human space exploration has depended on the agency's ability to effectively address a wide range of biomedical, engineering, physical science, and related obstacles-an achievement made possible by NASA's strong and productive commitments to life and physical sciences research for human space exploration, and by its use of human space exploration infrastructures for scientific discovery. The Committee for the Decadal Survey of Biological and Physical Sciences acknowledges the many achievements of NASA, which are all the more remarkable given budgetary challenges and changing directions within the agency. In the past decade, however, a consequence of those challenges has been a life and physical sciences research program that was dramatically reduced in both scale and scope, with the result that the agency is poorly positioned to take full advantage of the scientific opportunities offered by the now fully equipped and staffed ISS laboratory, or to effectively pursue the scientific research needed to support the development of advanced human exploration capabilities. Although its review has left it deeply concerned about the current state of NASA's life and physical sciences research, the Committee for the Decadal Survey on Biological and Physical Sciences in Space is nevertheless convinced that a focused science and engineering program can achieve successes that will bring the space community, the U.S. public, and policymakers to an understanding that we are ready for the next significant phase of human space exploration. The goal of this report is to lay out steps and develop a forward-looking portfolio of research that will provide the basis for recapturing the excitement and value of human spaceflight-thereby enabling the U.S. space program to deliver on new exploration initiatives that serve the nation, excite the public, and place the United States again at the forefront of space exploration for the global good.
Seeks to find a balance between research and company practices. This text provides students with a background in the fundamentals of training and development - needs assessment, transfer of training, designing a learning environment, methods, and evaluation.
An exploration of embodied intelligence and its implications points toward a theory of intelligence in general; with case studies of intelligent systems in ubiquitous computing, business and management, human memory, and robotics. How could the body influence our thinking when it seems obvious that the brain controls the body? In How the Body Shapes the Way We Think, Rolf Pfeifer and Josh Bongard demonstrate that thought is not independent of the body but is tightly constrained, and at the same time enabled, by it. They argue that the kinds of thoughts we are capable of have their foundation in our embodiment—in our morphology and the material properties of our bodies. This crucial notion of embodiment underlies fundamental changes in the field of artificial intelligence over the past two decades, and Pfeifer and Bongard use the basic methodology of artificial intelligence—"understanding by building"—to describe their insights. If we understand how to design and build intelligent systems, they reason, we will better understand intelligence in general. In accessible, nontechnical language, and using many examples, they introduce the basic concepts by building on recent developments in robotics, biology, neuroscience, and psychology to outline a possible theory of intelligence. They illustrate applications of such a theory in ubiquitous computing, business and management, and the psychology of human memory. Embodied intelligence, as described by Pfeifer and Bongard, has important implications for our understanding of both natural and artificial intelligence.
In the International Year of Chemistry, prominent scientists highlight the major advances in the fight against the largest problems faced by humanity from the point of view of chemistry, showing how their science is essential to ensuring our long-term survival. Following the UN Millennium Development Goals, the authors examine the ten most critical areas, including energy, climate, food, water and health. All of them are opinion leaders in their fields, or high-ranking decision makers in national and international institutions. Intended to provide an intellectual basis for the future development of chemistry, this book is aimed at a wide readership including students, professionals, engineers, scientists, environmentalists and anyone interested in a more sustainable future.
Authoritatively and expertly written, the new seventh edition of Bratton and Gold's Human Resource Management builds upon the enduring strengths of this renowned book. Thoroughly updated, topical and accessible, this textbook explores the theory and practice of human resource management and will encourage your students to reflect critically on the realities of the ever-changing world of work. The new edition truly captures the zeitgeist of contemporary human resource management. With coverage of the Covid-19 pandemic in relation to business ethics, physical and mental wellbeing, inequality and the rise of the gig-economy and precarious work, students will feel connected to the complex issues that face workers, organisations and wider society. This edition also includes expanded coverage on the ever-palpable effects of globalization and technological change and explores the importance of sustainable practice. Students will gain critical insight into the realities of contemporary HRM, engaging with the various debates and tensions inherent in the employment relationship and understanding the myriad of different theories underpinning human resource management. New to this edition: - New 'Ethical Insight' boxes explore areas of current ethical concern in trends and practice - New 'Digital Spotlight' boxes explore innovations in technology, analytics and AI and the impact on workers and organisations - Topical coverage on job design and the rise of the gig economy and precarious work - A critical discussion of the core themes and debates around human resource management in the post-Covid-19 era, including mental health and wellbeing. - A rich companion website packed with extra resources, including video interviews with HR professionals, work-related films, bonus case studies, links to employment law, and vocab checklists for ESL students make this an ideal text for online or blended learning.
Care and support affects a large number of people: eight out of 10 people aged 65 will need some care and support in their later years; some people have impairments from birth or develop them during their working life; some 5 million people care for a friend or relative, some for more than 50 hours a week. The current system does not offer enough support until a crisis point is reached, the quality of care is variable and inconsistent, and the growing and ageing population is only going to increase the pressure. Consequently, two core principles lie at the heart of this White Paper. The first is that individuals, communities and Government should do everything possible to prevent, postpone and minimise people's need for formal care and support. The system should be built around the promotion of people's independence and well-being. The second principle is that people should be in control of their own care and support, with personal budgets and direct payments, backed by clear, comparable information and advice that will allow individuals and their carers to make the choices that are right for them. This paper sets out the principles and approach, with sections covering: strengthening support within communities; housing; better information and advice; assessment, eligibility and portability for people who use care services; carers' support; defining high-quality care; improving quality; keeping people safe; a better local care market; workforce; personalised care and support; integration and joined-up care.