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This Bureau of Mines report covers the latest technology in explosives and blasting procedures. It includes information and procedures developed by Bureau research, explosives manufacturers, and the mining industry. It is intended for use as a guide in developing training programs and also to provide experienced blasters an update on the latest state of technology in the broad field of explosives and blasting. Types of explosives and blasting agents and their key explosive and physical properties are discussed. Explosives selection criteria are described. The features of the traditional initiation systems - electrical, detonating cord, and cap and fuse - are pointed out, and the newer nonelectric initiation systems are discussed. Various blasthole priming techniques are described. Blasthole loading of various explosive types is covered. Blast design, including geologic considerations, for both surface and underground blasting is detailed. Environmental effects of blasting such as flyrock and air and ground vibrations are discussed along with techniques of measuring and alleviating these undesirable side effects. Blasting safety procedures are detailed in the chronological order of the blasting process. The various Federal blasting regulations are enumerated along with their Code of Federal Regulations citations. An extensive glossary of blasting related terms is included along with references to articles providing more detailed information on the aforementioned items. Emphasis in the report has been placed on practical considerations.
In response to the rising concern of the American public over illegal bombings, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms asked the National Research Council to examine possible mechanisms for reducing this threat. The committee examined four approaches to reducing the bombing threat: addition of detection markers to explosives for pre-blast detection, addition of identification taggants to explosives for post-blast identification of bombers, possible means to render common explosive materials inert, and placing controls on explosives and their precursors. The book makes several recommendations to reduce the number of criminal bombings in this country.