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This book presents the results of the Interdisciplinary Research Group "Society – Water – Technology" of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities. It describes interdisciplinary evaluation criteria for major water engineering projects (MWEPs) and portrays an application to the Lower Jordan Valley (Middle East) and the Fergana Valley (Central Asia). Both areas are characterised by transboundary conflicts, by challenges due to demographic and climate change and by political and societal pressures. Based on the findings, the book provides recommendations for science and political decisions makers as well as for international financing institutions. In addition, it outlines research gaps from an interdisciplinary perspective. In the past, MWEPs have been used as an instrument to cope with the demands of growing populations and to enhance development progress. Experiences with MWEPs have shown that a purely technical approach has not always brought about the desired results. In many cases, MWEPs have even resulted in negative implications for society and environment. Therefore, improved management strategies and enhanced technologies for a sustainable water resource management system are a prerequisite to meet present and future challenges. And, moreover, the continuous evaluation and optimisation of these measures is, likewise, a must.
Rice and potatoes are Afghanistan’s two most staple crops after wheat. Rice production is dependent on water from irrigation canals, with most of Afghanistan’s irrigation infrastructure in disrepair, farmers are vulnerable. Between 2016 and 2018, FAO in Afghanistan (FAOAF) and the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL) rehabilitated irrigation infrastructure and laid the foundations of a virus-free potato seed industry in three provinces (Kunduz, Baghlan and Takhar). The project enhanced food production and contributed to the Government’s agricultural development and food security objectives. The evaluation recommends that future irrigation rehabilitation includes training to demonstrate improved cropping practices to help farmers build their resilience to external shocks. Training of potato farmers and enterprises involved in the industry will help determine the sustainability of the industry beyond the end of the project.