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Part one concerns to research how road transportation design network and countries' land use has close relationship. Thus, I shall concentrate on researching the relationship between offices and factories and shopping centers, schools etc. building and designing networks and land use and economic growth relationship aspect. I shall recommend methods how to design road network to solve traffic jam, air pollution, over pedestrian population walking on the street etc. challenges. The most important concerning is to research whether designing road network system can have close relationship to assist any countries' economic growth . I shall give ideas to explain this issue occurred possibly. If readers like to do research writing, I believe that this book is very suitable to them to be used for reference. Part two concerns why MTR underground train transportation needs to know passenger behavior. What are the factors to cause passengers who choose to catch other transportation tools? Indicating methods how to solve passenger choice challenges to attract many passengers who will choose MTR to catch more than other kind of transportation tools. It is suitable to any readers who have interest to learn how to use transportation behavior strategy to solve passenger behavioral choice.
According to Bailey, Mokhtarian and Little (2008) indicated ''transportation route is past of distinct development pattern or road network and mostly described by regular street patterns as an important factor of human existence, development and civilization. The route network combined with increased road transportation investment result in changed levels of conveniently reflected through cost benefit analysis, savings in travel time, and other benefits. '' These benefits are noticeable in increased catchment areas for services and facilities , shops, schools, offices, banks and leisure activities.
My aim to write this book which concerns how to design road transportation network to assist road transportation to reduce time spending to transport any products in the short time efficiently and to rise economic growth in any countries. This book divides part one and part two. Part one concerns to research how road transportation design network and countries' land use has close relationship. Thus, I shall concentrate on researching the relationship between offices and factories and shopping centers, schools etc. building and designing networks and land use and economic growth relationship aspect. I shall recommend methods how to design road network to solve traffic jam, air pollution, over pedestrian population walking on the street etc. challenges. The most important concerning is to research whether designing road network system can have close relationship to assist any countries' economic growth . I shall give ideas to explain this issue occurred possibly. If readers like to do research writing, I believe that this book is very suitable to them to be used for reference. Part two concerns why MTR underground train transportation needs to know passenger behaviour. What are the factors to cause passengers who choose to catch other transportation tools? Indicating methods how to solve passenger choice challenges to attract many passengers who will choose MTR to catch more than other kind of transportation tools. It is suitable to any readers who have interest to learn how to use transportation behaviour strategy to solve passenger behavioural choice.
I write this book aims to give my recommendation to road transportation network how to raise underground train transportation efficiency to let passengers to reduce time spending to wait as well as how road transport can transport any products on road in the short time efficiently. This book divides part one and part two. Part one concerns to research why road transportation design network and countries' land use has close relationship. Thus, I shall concentrate on researching how to design the road transportion between offices and factories and shopping centers, schools etc. building and designing networks and how to design land use to raise transportation efficiency. I shall also recommend methods how to design road network to solve traffic jam, air pollution, over pedestrian population walking on the street etc. challenges. The most important concerning is to research how to design underground train and road transportation to raise both transportation efficiency for both win transportation tool strategies. Thus passengers can either choose to catch underground train or road transportation in order to let passengers feel they both are the most suitable transportation benefit choice as the same time. Part two concerns how to design MTR underground train transportation strategies to satisfy passenger choice as well as research how to attract passengers to choose to catch this kind of transportation tool ,even when road transportation has no any traffic jam time. What are the factors to cause passengers who choose to catch other transportation tools to replace underground train? Indicating methods how to solve passenger choice challenges to attract many passengers who will choose MTR to catch more than other kind of transportation tools. It is suitable to any transportation strategic managers who have interest to learn how to predict passengers' general transportation behavior to solve passenger transportation behavioral choice.
Includes full color illustrations. The increased use of underground space for transportation systems and the increasing complexity and constraints of constructing and maintaining above ground transportation infrastructure have prompted the need to develop this technical manual. This FHWA manual is intended to be a single-source technical manual providing guidelines for planning, design, construction and rehabilitation of road tunnels, and encompasses various types of road tunnels including mined, bored, cut-and-cover, immersed, and jacked box tunnels. The scope of the manual is primarily limited to the civil elements of road tunnels.
My aim to write this book which concerns how to design road transportation network to assist road transportation to reduce time spending to transport any products in the short time efficiently and to rise economic growth in any countries. This book divides part one and part two. Part one concerns to research how road transportation design network and countries' land use has close relationship. Thus, I shall concentrate on researching the relationship between offices and factories and shopping centers, schools etc. building and designing networks and land use and economic growth relationship aspect. I shall recommend methods how to design road network to solve traffic jam, air pollution, over pedestrian population walking on the street etc. challenges. The most important concerning is to research whether designing road network system can have close relationship to assist any countries' economic growth . I shall give ideas to explain this issue occurred possibly. If readers like to do research writing, I believe that this book is very suitable to them to be used for reference.Part two concerns why MTR underground train transportation needs to know passenger behaviour. What are the factors to cause passengers who choose to catch other transportation tools? Indicating methods how to solve passenger choice challenges to attract many passengers who will choose MTR to catch more than other kind of transportation tools. It is suitable to any readers who have interest to learn how to use transportation behaviour strategy to solve passenger behavioural choice.
In road concept, the route network consists of primary and secondary roads, known as main roads and minor roads respectively. Main roads are usually moderate or high capacity roads that are below highway level of service, carrying large volumes of traffic between areas in urban centers and designed for traffic between neighbors. They have intersections with collector and local streets and commercial areas, such as shopping centers, petrol stations and other businesses are located along such roads. In additions, main roads link up to expressways and freeways with inter-changes in cities or rural. Road network constitutes an important element in urban development, due to urban areas have many farms, gardens, forests, so roads and building needed to provide accessibility required by different land uses and the proper functioning of such urban areas depends an efficient transport network existence. In computing des, the network indicator are used to partition road network into different parts in reasonable way. The results in number of connection to describe density differences in road networks. The parameter records how many roads connect to each road in a network. For two roads with the same length, the ones in the dense area will connect to more roads than that in a sparse area and the connection differences will indicate the density differences to some extent, so road density can also be calculated as the total length of all known roads divided by the total land area in a road divided by the total land area in a road network. Hence, governments need to consider road length to decide how to build main or minor roads to design its transportation systems for businesses activities, such as driving lorries and parking lorries and products are been moving on the streets from roads easily and conveniently. As Wikipedia Contributors (2008) indicate that ''transport networks are spatial structures designed to channel flows from the points of demand to points of supply and to link the points together in a transportation system. They are useful for transport network analysis to determine the flow of people, products, services and vehicles.'' Hence, governments need to research whether where the shopping centers, cinemas, houses, hospitals, schools, offices, factories etc. are located, then, which need to follow these location data to predict the cars, lorries, taxies, buses etc. of the demand numbers of transportation users to design the lengths, width and distances and the construction of main and minor roads locations and their supply numbers in different capital cities or country roads. It aims to reduce traffic jams and shorten time and air pollution as well as increasing the available spaces to let the lorry drivers to move their logistic on the road easily and reducing the accidents occurrence when the pedestrians are walking on the streets. If the vehicles can be moved on the roads easily. It will also increase time efficiency and productivity to any businessmen. Hence, how to design of the main roads and/or minor roads in any capital or country cities. It will influence any country's economic growth long time in the future.
An exciting new generation of railway architecture has emerged in Europe and elsewhere over the past decade. This book explains the reasons for the renaissance of the station as a building type and the current changes it is undergoing. The functional, social and technical factors which shape railway architecture are examined. As stations are essential elements of sustainable development, the environmental benefits of railways are also discussed. Essential guidance is provided for those who design, commission or manage railway stations. By drawing on technical design manuals and examples of recent stations (many designed by leading architects) the book gives help and instruction to all those with an interest in the future of railway architecture.
In any country, road transportation improvements don't guarantee increased economic development. To increase economic development, an improvement needs to assist any lorry drivers to drive in short trips to reduce transportation costs and shorten time driving on the road or to make transportation more reliable, e.g. reducing the numbers of traffic jams on any roads. A proper economic climate must also exist as well as other support services. With these factors to influence transportation improvements can become catalysts for economic expansion. However, road transportation improvement that intends to induce job creation, when employers need many lorry drivers to help them to transport products and to move products on the roads often. So, the employers need to employ many transportation workers and lorry drivers to help who to transport their products to send to clients, due to the transportation time is shorten and work efficiency is raised, so the transportation times are also increasing every day when the road transportation roles are improved. On the other side, improving transportation can raise productivity when many customers need to buy many products and the lorry drivers may drive whose lorries to transport many products between factory and office or between factory to the client's home or between the shop and the client's on the road in the short time fast. I recommend one model links in an overall road transportation network includes these four modes.I.Maximizing use of the existing road highway system.II.Extending or improving the multi-lane divides system local roads and connectors.III.Continually improving the entire road highway network in response to business activities demand. The improvement of modern road transportation successful factors include: ⦁How to improve the highway networkmodernization includes obsolete interchanges and other segments of the road, transport network of new designs to improve the life and service of pedestrian walking streets, rebuilding certain in main or minor roads. To the extent that labor markets operate more efficiently and more jobs are created to raise economic expansion if our governments can improve road transportation system to design to satisfy business users demand when lorry drivers need to move or transport whose products on the streets, but who will not influence pedestrian are walking on the streets. Hence, excellent transportation design network can subsequent plan efforts, it can also rise economic efficiency, community and social effects, it can also encourage transportation users to attempt to drive lorries to transport products a lot of times in one day fast and who can also avoid traffic jams occurrence on the road easily. On the one side, economic development is a concept referring to the material aspects of community welfare. There are numerous factors need of development: growth in income and wealth, equitable distribution of income, decreased infant mortality rates, increased literacy rates. On the other side, economic growth means which is sustainable increase in community income and /or wealth. ( wealth is the net of resources that generate income). It seems the link between transportation facilities and economic growth has close relationship. Good transportation facilities support economic growth by lowing the transportation costs of users of the transportation network, such as roads. Direct users benefits are reductions in travel, times and fuel consumption, increased reliability and increased safety in the movement of people and products, users' transportation costs are reduced, resources are used for other purpose.
Part one concerns to research how road transportation design network and countries' land use has close relationship. Thus, I shall concentrate on researching the relationship between offices and factories and shopping centers, schools etc. building and designing networks and land use and economic growth relationship aspect. I shall recommend methods how to design road network to solve traffic jam, air pollution, over pedestrian population walking on the street etc. challenges. The most important concerning is to research whether designing road network system can have close relationship to assist any countries' economic growth . I shall give ideas to explain this issue occurred possibly. If readers like to do research writing, I believe that this book is very suitable to them to be used for reference. Part two concerns why MTR underground train transportation needs to know passenger behaviour. What are the factors to cause passengers who choose to catch other transportation tools? Indicating methods how to solve passenger choice challenges to attract many passengers who will choose MTR to catch more than other kind of transportation tools. It is suitable to any readers who have interest to learn how to use transportation behaviour strategy to solve passenger behavioural choice.