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This book examines the impact of population growth and urbanization on the household registration system in China. Drawing on experiences from other countries in population management, it proposes a general framework for reforming the household registration system in China. This framework is based on the principle of "equity of rights and obligations" and includes a points system to guide implementation. The book also analyzes the economic implications of optimizing restrictions on urban household registration and the fiscal reforms associated with the reform. The practicality of the points system program is further verified.
This book examines the impact of population growth and urbanization on the household registration system in China. Drawing on experiences from other countries in population management, it proposes a general framework for reforming the household registration system in China. This framework is based on the principle of "equity of rights and obligations" and includes a points system to guide implementation. The book also analyzes the economic implications of optimizing restrictions on urban household registration and the fiscal reforms associated with the reform. The practicality of the points system program is further verified.
In 2014, the Chinese government issued the “Guiding Opinions on Further Deepening the Reform of the Household Registration System”. The urban hukou system in megacities, with urban populations above 5 million, remained under strict control. The restrictions on urban hukou in medium-sized cities were substantially removed. The restrictions on urban hukou in small cities were removed. We explore the impact of hukou reform in cities with different urban population sizes on the urban settlement intentions of internal migrants, exploiting the 2014 hukou reform in China. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, we find that hukou reform in cities with different urban population sizes can increase the urban settlement intentions of internal migrants by about 2.4%-4.1%. The positive effects of hukou reform are stronger among male, younger, better educated, poorer, more recent, and inner-provincial internal migrants. The positive effects of hukou reform on the urban settlement intentions of internal migrants are mainly through three channels: the level of acquisition of public services, the level of supply of public services, and the level of social integration with locals.
By 2010, 260 million citizens were living outside of their permanent hukou location, a major challenge to the constrictive Mao-era system of migration and settlement planning. Jason Young shows how these new forces have been received by the state and documents the process of change and the importance of China's hukou system.
By 2030, China's cities will be home to 1 billion people - one in every eight people on earth. What kind of lives will China's urban billion lead? And what will China's cities be like? Over the past thirty years, China's urban population expanded by 500 million people, and is on track to swell by a further 300 million by 2030. Hundreds of millions of these new urban residents are rural migrants, who lead second-class lives without access to urban benefits. Even those lucky citizens who live in modern tower blocks must put up with clogged roads, polluted skies and cityscapes of unremitting ugliness. The rapid expansion of urban China is astonishing, but new policies are urgently needed to create healthier cities. Combining on-the-ground reportage and up-to-date research, this pivotal book explains why China has failed to reap many of the economic and social benefits of urbanization, and suggests how these problems can be resolved. If its leaders get urbanization right, China will surpass the United States and cement its position as the world's largest economy. But if they get it wrong, China could spend the next twenty years languishing in middle-income torpor, its cities pockmarked by giant slums.
Breaking the urban-rural dichotomy and achieving integrated development of urban and rural areas is an important issue. In 1958, China promulgated the Regulations on Household Registration, which stipulates that individuals are required to register for household registration after birth, and the state divides residents into two categories of agricultural and non-agricultural households according to their two permanent residences in rural and urban areas, and constructs two categories of household registration based on the status of household registration. The reform of the unified household registration system marks the history of the dual urban-rural household registration system that distinguishes the nature of household registration by "agricultural" and "non-agricultural", and the resulting changes in residents' identity may profoundly affect their behavior. This paper explores the impact of the unified household registration system on individual risk-taking from a microscopic perspective, with the aim of discovering the deep-seated mechanisms that influence individual economic behavior and financial decisions. This paper finds that the institutional arrangement of unified household registration breaks the identity separation between urban and rural areas, which releases the prudent risk attitude caused by "identity uncertainty" and makes individuals engage in more active risk-taking behavior. Further, the higher degree of risk preference and more systematic acquisition of financial knowledge brought about by the unified hukou status are possible channels to influence risk-taking intentions.
This book examines how the Chinese state responds to the increasingly diverse civil society and maintains regime stability in a changing society. In recent years, the Chinese leadership has demonstrated great capability of adapting and developing sophisticated mechanisms of social control. The chapters in this book cover a wide range of these mechanisms, including co-opting social forces, managing population and migration, as well as controlling the media, trade unions, the internet, non-governmental organisations, and the cultural industries. The authors also discuss challenges the government is about to face and possible adjustments.
Megacities of over 10 million inhabitants are unique entities in their own right, both challenging and supporting the policies, governance and cohesion of states. In developing and developed economies, the rise of megacities can be seen to have negative and positive effects; from exacerbating and deepening societal problems inherent in inequality and poverty, to increasing opportunities for innovation, education, interconnectivity and development.The Rise of Megacities takes a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach to analysis of their growth. It examines both the major new challenges that the expansion of megacities brings for development at large, and the opportunities they might create for the public good. In addition, it shows how more established cities, such as Tokyo, New York or European examples can provide lessons for governance and development of rapidly urbanizing populations. Using case studies and academic theory it takes into account both the similarities and differences of megacities and gives a comprehensive study of them. This book is perfect for students and researchers of development economics, urban studies, international relations and the social sciences, as well as those interested in how the world economy is changing through globalization.
China's rise over the past several decades has lifted more than half of its population out of poverty and reshaped the global economy. What has caused this dramatic transformation? In China's Great Migration: How the Poor Built a Prosperous Nation, author Bradley Gardner looks at one of the most important but least discussed forces pushing China's economic development: the migration of more than 260 million people from their birthplaces to China's most economically vibrant cities. By combining an analysis of China's political economy with current scholarship on the role of migration in economic development, China's Great Migration shows how the largest economic migration in the history of the world has led to a bottom-up transformation of China. Gardner draws from his experience as a researcher and journalist working in China to investigate why people chose to migrate and the social and political consequences of their decisions. In the aftermath of China's Cultural Revolution, the collapse of totalitarian government control allowed millions of people to skirt migration restrictions and move to China's growing cities, where they offered a massive pool of labor that propelled industrial development, foreign investment, and urbanization. Struggling to respond to the demands of these migrants, the Chinese government loosened its grip on the economy, strengthening property rights and allowing migrants to employ themselves and each other, spurring the Chinese economic miracle. More than simply a narrative of economic progress, China's Great Migration tells the human story of China's transformation, featuring interviews with the men and women whose way of life has been remade. In its pages, readers will learn about the rebirth of a country and millions of lives changed, hear what migration can tell us about the future of China, and discover what China's development can teach the rest of the world about the role of market liberalization and economic migration in fighting poverty and creating prosperity.