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Explains how we got into the current economic disaster that developed out of the economics and politics of the housing boom and bust. The "creative" financing of home mortgages and "creative" marketing of financial securities based on these mortgages to countries around the world, are part of the story of how a financial house of cards was built up--and then collapsed.
This timely book addresses key challenges faced by policy makers and the house-building industry in a post-credit crunch world. It examines the implications for households, the housing market, the economy, as well as for government's policy choices. Challenges of the Housing Economy: an international perspective brings together experts from around the world to examine recent housing market trends. The contributions reveal common long-term trends in housing markets worldwide. Despite differences in supply conditions and the role of planning, there is a trend toward rising house prices that has created significant barriers to home ownership for young households while increasing the wealth of older generations. The financial crisis had a differential impact on housing markets but in many countries where mortgage finance became severely constrained, house prices fell and there was a dramatic fall in housing construction. The falls in house prices in these countries have ostensibly improved affordability but the housing markets have been dominated by the lowering of loan to values applicable to new mortgages which has further raised the hurdles to potential first-time purchasers. At the same time as young households are increasingly rationed out of owner-occupation, public sector expenditure cut-backs in many countries result in limited new social housing. Instead, value for money imperatives will mean new funding models for affordable housing that require greater use of public-private partnerships. The private rented sector could potentially meet the demand for the new generation of long-term renters. However, there are doubts - in the UK at least - that this sector will be able to expand significantly or provide an appropriate type and standard of housing. This is an essential advanced text for students and researchers of land economy and land management; property and real estate; housing policy; and urban studies.
For many younger and lower-income people, housing affordability continues to worsen. Based on the academic research of two distinguished housing economists – and stimulated by working with governments across the world - this wide-ranging book sets out clear theoretical and empirical frameworks to tackle one of today’s most important socio-economic issues. Housing unaffordability arises from complex forces and a prerequisite to effective policy is understanding the causes of rising house prices and rents and the interactions between housing, housing finance and the macroeconomy. The authors challenge many of the conventional wisdoms in housing policy and offer innovative recommendations to improve affordability.
The first chapter attempts to shed light on the role of housing price dynamics in mobility decisions, asking whether households respond to prices in a forward- or backward-looking manner, and the extent to which high leverage constrains moving behavior. On a broader level, the study tests whether price dynamics dominate non-market shocks as a force governing household mobility, given the importance of housing as an investment good and saving device. Using a 13 year sample from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, I find that households are largely backward-looking in both their mobility and consumption decisions, and that non-market shocks play a significant role. Households show little or no response to equity constraints, and do not appear to time the market, despite significant forecastability in housing prices. These conclusions lend support to the notion of prices leading trading volume, but do not support the theoretical work of Stein (1995), which attributes mobility behavior to changes in equity constraints brought about by changes in housing prices. The second chapter uses data from the Retirement History Survey to measure the impact of property tax abatement programs on elderly homeownership decisions. Analysis using a competing risks framework, in which the decision to trade down is treated separately from the decision to end homeownership completely, shows striking differences in the impact of property taxes on each type of failure: for the elderly who choose to trade down, property taxes have a positive effect on the hazard of moving. Alternatively, property taxes have little impact on the tenure decision. Incorporating individual heterogeneity to correct for sample bias, to capture mover-stayer effects, and to account for correlation between property taxes and omitted variables, has little effect on the results. From an "ex post" perspective, the results of the analysis lead to the conclusion that property tax abatement programs have a small impact at best, and may be leading to undesirable redistributional outcomes. The final chapter employs data from the neighborhood clusters sample of the 1989 American Housing Survey and the wealth supplement of the 1989 Panel Study of Income Dynamics to study to distribution of wealth within US residential neighborhoods. Calculations using the Bourguignon decomposable inequality index show that wealth is more unequally distributed than income, and income more than housing wealth, at all levels of aggregation--neighborhoods, metropolitan areas, census regions, and the entire US.
This book is a timely assessment of 20 years of progress in the field of housing economics and its application to policy and practice. Two decades on from the publication of Duncan Maclennan's influential Housing Economics, 16 leading housing experts - both academics and policy makers from across the world - now honour Maclennan's contributions. The chapters here present a contemporary survey of key issues in housing, from urban housing markets and sub-market modelling, to the economics of social housing, the basis for housing planning, economic analysis of neighbourhoods, and the connections between academic work and policy development. For students, researchers and practitioners in housing, urban economics and social policy, Housing Economics and Public Policy: . provides up to date and comprehensive reviews of major areas of the housing economics literature . sheds light on the economic, social and spatial processes that affect housing . includes discussion of major areas of cutting edge housing economics research and identifies continuing gaps . presents a synthesis of housing economics research on both sides of the Atlantic . assesses the impact of theory on policy and practice
This open access book discusses booming housing markets in cities around the globe, and the resulting challenges for policymakers and central banks. Cities are booming everywhere, leading to a growing demand for urban housing. In many cities this demand is out-pacing supply, which causes house prices to soar and increases the pressure on rental markets. These developments are posing major challenges for policymakers, central banks and other authorities responsible for ensuring financial stability, and economic well-being in general.This volume collects views from high-level policymakers and researchers, providing essential insights into these challenges, their impact on society, the economy and financial stability, and possible policy responses. The respective chapters address issues such as the popularity of cities, the question of a credit-fueled housing bubble, the role of housing supply frictions and potential policy solutions. Given its scope, the book offers a revealing read and valuable guide for everyone involved in practical policymaking for housing markets, mortgage credit and financial stability.
Examines the effect of the introduction of the Euro and the establishment of economic and monetary union on the financial landscape of Europe.