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All-Party Parliamentary Groups (APPGs) are groups of Members, from both Houses, who may or may not be supported by outside organisations, and are established for a wide range of purposes. There is a Register of such groups, overseen by the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards. There has been increasing concern that APPGs pose a reputational risk to the House in several ways: they may provide access for lobbyists; they put pressure on resources; and their output is confused with that of official select committees. But APPGs also provide: forums for cross-party interaction which is not controlled by the whips, interaction between the Members of the Commons and the Lords; and a forum for parliamentarians, academics, business people, the third sector and other interested parties; time and space for policy discussion and debate; and a means for back bench parliamentarians to set the policy agenda. There is a longstanding dilemma about the regulation of APPGs: they are essentially informal groupings, established by individual Members, yet the more restrictions and requirements that are placed on them, the more they appear to be endorsed by the House. The House of Commons Commission has already decided to withdraw the passes of APPG staff. The Committee proposes a package of reforms: ensure that Members' responsibility for APPG activity is clear and accountable; ensure transparency not only about external support, but also about the activities funded by such support; and far greater clarity about the status of the various types of informal work that Members carry out.
This is an analysis of the revolution of the last two decades that has built an extensive new regulatory apparatus governing British public ethics. The book sets the new machinery in the wider institutional framework of British government. Its main purpose is to understand the dilemmas of regulatory design that have emerged in each area examined.
In January 2013 three lay members became part of a new Committee on Standards. As a result of the lay members' reflections on the experience of their first year in office the Committee on Standards decided to undertake a comprehensive review of the standards system in the House of Commons. There has been a decline in public trust, not just in politics but in other institutions. The expenses scandal played a significant part in reducing public trust, and the Committee do not underestimate its impact. It still has an immense effect on how MPs' activities are seen and reported. The majority of MPs carry out their tasks without any questions raised about the propriety of their actions. The growth in constituency case work suggests that while the public may distrust MPs in general, in practice they are willing to bring individual MPs their problems. MPs have a complex and multi-faceted role, and one of the lessons of the last year has been that there is little understanding of what MPs do, the rules governing their conduct, and the ways in which those rules are enforced. This Report is intended to increase that understanding, as well as to propose improvements. This report sets out the range of functions that an MP undertakes. It describes the various aspects of MPs' work and the limitations of their role. It acknowledges MPs need the freedom to decide their priorities within a potentially infinite workload. The Committee believes self-regulation, with external input, is the appropriate system.
Patrick Mercer, the MP for Newark, was approached by a journalist purporting to be a public affairs consultant representing a group called 'Friends of Fiji', who wished to campaign for the readmission of Fiji into the Commonwealth, and sought to do so by hiring people to use influence on its behalf. Between the initial approach from the 'consultant' on 6 March and the last meeting between them on 25 April, Mr Mercer tabled five Parliamentary questions and an Early Day Motion (EDM), and actively sought to set up an All-Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) on Fiji. On 31 May 2013 articles appeared in the Daily Telegraph about the case, and a Panorama programme was broadcast on 6 June 2013. As a result, Mr Mercer referred himself to the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards. The Commissioner found that Mr Mercer had: failed to register monies received for the provision of consultancy services; failed to deposit an agreement for the provision of services; failed to declare a relevant interest when tabling five parliamentary questions, when tabling an early-day motion, when making approaches to other Members, and, most probably, at a meeting of a prospective All-Party Parliamentary Group; and tabled parliamentary questions and an early-day motion, and taken steps to establish an All-Party Parliamentary Group, at the request of paying clients. The Committee recommend that Mr Mercer be suspended from the House for a period of six calendar months. [Note: Mr Mercer resigned on 29 April 2014, before publication of this report.]
Biography of the Abortion Act, exploring how it was shaped by and shaped a changing UK.
British Energy was privatised in 1996. In 2002, the price of electricity fell and on 5 September 2002, the Company applied to the Department of Trade and Industry (the Department) for financial assistance. In November 2002, the Department agreed to provide financial assistance with the proviso that the Company's financial arrangements would be restructured. This report deals with the financial aid that the Department gave to British Energy and the terms of the restructuring of British Energy. The Department decided to intervene because, in its assessment, unplanned closures of British Energy's nuclear power stations would have had safety implications and put electricity supplies at risk. The Department took on responsibility for a large proportion of the company's liabilities, to be funded through a Nuclear Liabilities Fund, though there was no up-to-date estimate of those liabilities. (These estimates are to be updated every five years now.) In February 2006 British Energy estimated liabilities at £5,287 million. The restructuring mechanism is for a cash sweep, so that the company contributes more to the Fund when it is doing well. In the 12 months following completion of restructuring in January 2005, the wholesale electricity price rose sharply and the Company's share price more than doubled. The electricity market has, however, proved to be particularly volatile over recent years. The Nuclear Liabilities Fund is left particularly exposed to British Energy's financial and operational performance. Day-to-day responsibility for monitoring various aspects of the Company's performance currently lies with a number of teams within the Department. There remains a real risk that information learned by the different teams is not shared quickly and evaluated and that insufficient staff resources are committed to safeguarding the taxpayer's significant interest. To assist its management of the taxpayer's interest, the Department will need to prepare sufficiently comprehensive contingency plans to enable it to act quickly under the range of scenarios that might arise.
The Committee on Standards and Privileges published its Third Report of Session 2012-13, Proposed Revisions to the Guide to the Rules relating to the conduct of Members1 on 4 December 2012 (HC 636, ISBN 9780215050939). There have been a number of developments since that report. The most significant is the publication of the Group of States Against Corruption (GRECO) Fourth Evaluation Round Report on Corruption Prevention in respect of members of Parliament, judges and prosecutors in the UK (http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/greco/evaluations/round4/GrecoEval4(2012)2_UnitedKingdom_EN.pdf). The GRECO report positively noted that: The United Kingdom has taken important steps to strive for improvement in the prevention of corruption in all three sectors of activity subject to the present evaluation. These steps are in addition to the fact that Members of Parliament, judges and prosecutors do not have any general immunity from prosecution for criminal conduct. It made several recommendations directed at the legislative assemblies in the United Kingdom. There was close involvement in the process which meant that the Committee and the Commissioner were able to consider the GRECO recommendations in the course of revising the Guide to the Rules, even though the report itself had not yet been published. The current report presents and discusses each of the GRECO recommendations, specifically those relating the House of Commons. It also covers revisions to the seven principles of public life recently recommended by the Committee on Standards in Public Life, the penalties applicable in case of breaches of the rules, and the date on which any revised Guide should come into force.