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Charles W. Woodworth was a central figure in entomology in the first three decades of the 20th century. He was the first to cultivate in a laboratory the famous model species Drosophila melanogaster and suggested to W. E. Castle that it could be useful for genetic research. He directed the world’s first successful city-scale salt-marsh mosquito control effort. C.W. was a key early figure in what is now known as Integrated Pest Management and helped California agriculture respond to many insect threats. He wrote California’s First Insecticide Law in 1906, got it passed in 1911, and administered until 1923. His supple and comprehensive mind produced significant accomplishments in seven diverse fields: entomology (insects), plant pathology, public policy, optical physics, optical engineering, machine calculation, and distillate chemistry. Within entomology, he published in anatomy, classification, systematics, theoretical economic entomology and applied economic entomology. His optics achievements include early contributions to the science of multi-element telescopes, the technique that is used today in the world’s largest telescopes. He attempted to build the world’s largest telescope in his back yard. He contributed to the ability to analyze distortion, curvature, axial aberration, coma and astigmatism. He also created forms of optical calculations for lens design specifically tailored for machine calculation. In 1936, he taught classes in optical triangulation at Bausch & Lomb, the leading maker of optical weapon sights for the U.S. Navy in WWII. He founded the Entomology departments at what are now the University of California, Berkeley and the University of California, Davis. He served as the Chief Entomologist at the California Spray Chemical Company, the enterprise that created the Ortho brand of pesticides. He was happily married and had four children who all lived full and successful lives. He designed his family home, which became a Berkeley architectural landmark. A colleague referred to him in a speech as “a very modest and tolerant man.” The University of California named him Emeritus Professor upon his retirement. His obituary was printed in Science and in the New York Times. Four species of insects were named after him. Of these four, a planthopper, Cixidia woodworthi, now named Epiptera woodworthi, retains “woodworthi” in its modern name. The Pacific Branch of the Entomological Society of America has given out their C.W. Woodworth Award for achievement in entomology in the Pacific slope region over the last ten years since 1969. This book is intended to be the definitive biography of Charles W. Woodworth.
First Published in 2002. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Who uses "skeeter hawk," "snake doctor," and "dragonfly" to refer to the same insect? Who says "gum band" instead of "rubber band"? The answers can be found in the Linguistic Atlas of the Middle and South Atlantic States (LAMSAS), the largest single survey of regional and social differences in spoken American English. It covers the region from New York state to northern Florida and from the coastline to the borders of Ohio and Kentucky. Through interviews with nearly twelve hundred people conducted during the 1930s and 1940s, the LAMSAS mapped regional variations in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation at a time when population movements were more limited than they are today, thus providing a unique look at the correspondence of language and settlement patterns. This handbook is an essential guide to the LAMSAS project, laying out its history and describing its scope and methodology. In addition, the handbook reveals biographical information about the informants and social histories of the communities in which they lived, including primary settlement areas of the original colonies. Dialectologists will rely on it for understanding the LAMSAS, and historians will find it valuable for its original historical research. Since much of the LAMSAS questionnaire concerns rural terms, the data collected from the interviews can pinpoint such language differences as those between areas of plantation and small-farm agriculture. For example, LAMSAS reveals that two waves of settlement through the Appalachians created two distinct speech types. Settlers coming into Georgia and other parts of the Upper South through the Shenandoah Valley and on to the western side of the mountain range had a Pennsylvania-influenced dialect, and were typically small farmers. Those who settled the Deep South in the rich lowlands and plateaus tended to be plantation farmers from Virginia and the Carolinas who retained the vocabulary and speech patterns of coastal areas. With these revealing findings, the LAMSAS represents a benchmark study of the English language, and this handbook is an indispensable guide to its riches.
Drawing on primary documents such as farmer's diaries, small rural papers of the 19th century, and the publications of state agricultural societies, this provocative study presents an intelligent overview into the driving forces of that shaped American history in the Northeast.