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The Georgia 6th Cavalry Battalion State Guards was formed in August 1863 to serve for six months as local defense in the northwest section of the state. The battalion was comprised of horse soldiers from Chattooga and Walker counties. The only verified engagement with the enemy is noted on January 22, 1864, at the "Battle of Subligna" in Chattooga County. As Sherman threatened in the spring of 1864, most of these men probably joined in with Wheeler's or Forrest's troops for the Atlanta and Carolinas campaign, but records are sparse.
The GA 38th Infantry Regiment was a part of the Lawton - Gordon - Evans brigade made up of the 13th, 26th, 31st, 38th, 60th, & 61st Georgia Regiments and the 12th Georgia Light Artillery Battalion. It fought in many conflicts from the Seven Days' Battles to Cold Harbor, then moved with Early to the Shenandoah Valley and was active around Appomattox. The unit lost 54 killed and 118 wounded at Gaines' Mill and sixty-two percent of the 123 engaged at Sharpsburg. In the fight at Fredericksburg there were 10 killed and 91 wounded, and of the 341 at Gettysburg, more than thirty-five percent were disabled. It surrendered with 112, of which 73 were armed.
The 20th Georgia Infantry was formed at Columbus in May 1861. They served in the Army of Northern Virginia throughout most of its campaigns. They were attached to Early's Brigade in September of 1861 and transferred to the brigades of Generals Toombs and Benning in April 1862. The 20th fought with the army from the Seven Days Battles to Cold Harbor. They went with General Longstreet to fight at Suffolk, Chickamauga, and operations in east Tennessee including Chattanooga and Knoxville, then returned to Virginia in time for the spring campaign of 1864, enduring the hardships of the Petersburg trenches south and north of the James River. Companies Of The GA 20th Infantry Regiment Company A: Bibb County Company B: Muscogee County. Company C: Jefferson County. Company D: Polk County. Company E: Harris County Company F: Fulton County. Company G: Muscogee County. Company H: Telfair County. Company I: Muscogee County. Company K: Richmond County.
Following its Secession from the Union in December, 1860, South Carolina militia seized Castle Pinckney and the Charleston Arsenal and their supplies of arms and ammunition. On January 9, 1861, Citadel cadets fired upon the merchant ship Star of the West as it was entering Charleston's harbor. The ship had been sent by the Buchanan administration with relief supplies of men and material for Ft. Sumter's small garrison. As the new Confederate States of America came into being late that winter, old and abandoned forts were revamped around Charleston to focus upon the massive, though not completed, Federal fort. This book is the story of the men who fought in Charleston until its fall, then participated in the Carolina's Campaign to its bitter end.
The Georgia 4th Cavalry Regiment (AveryÕs) was formed with eleven companies in January, 1863, using Avery's 23rd Georgia Cavalry Battalion as its nucleus. It served for a time with the Conscript Department in Tennessee, then was assigned to J.J. Morrison's, C.C. Crews', and Iverson's Brigade. The regiment participated in the Chickamauga, Knoxville, and Atlanta Campaigns, skirmished in Northern Georgia and East Tennessee, and took part in the defense of Savannah. In January, 1865, the unit was reorganized and called the 12th Cavalry. It went on to fight in the Carolinas and surrendered with the Army of Tennessee. Research of this unit is complicated by the fact that there was another 4th Cavalry (ClinchÕs). No roster of the 23rd Cavalry Battalion or the 4th Cavalry (AveryÕs) has been found. The records are all filed in the state archive microfilm as the GA 12th Cavalry Regiment.
In June 1864, General Ulysses Grant ordered his cavalry commander, Philip Sheridan, to conduct a raid to destroy the Virginia Central Railroad between Charlottesville and Richmond. Sheridan fell short of his objective when he was defeated by General Wade Hampton's cavalry in a two-day battle at Trevilian Station. The first day's fighting saw dismounted Yankees and Rebels engaged at close range in dense forest. By day's end, Hampton had withdrawn to the west. Advancing the next morning, Sheridan found Hampton dug in behind hastily built fortifications and launched seven dismounted assaults, each repulsed with heavy casualties. As darkness fell, the Confederates counterattacked, driving the Union forces from the field. Sheridan began his withdrawal that night, an ordeal for his men, the Union wounded and Confederate prisoners brought off the field and the hundreds of starved and exhausted horses that marked his retreat, killed to prevent their falling into Confederate hands.
The Texas 26th Cavalry Regiment was formed in March, 1862, using the 7th Texas Cavalry Battalion as its nucleus. Its companies were from Huntsville, Houston, Lockhart, Galveston, Centerville, and Hempstead, and Leon and Walker counties. Consi-dered to be one of the best disciplined regiments in Confederate service, it was assigned to H. Bee's and Debray's Brigade in the Trans-Mississippi Depart-ment. The unit served along the Rio Grande and in January, 1864, contained 29 officers and 571 men. It was involved in the operations against Banks' Red River Campaign, then returned to Texas where it was stationed at Houston and later Navasota. Here the 26th disbanded in May, 1865.
On August 18, 1862, Col. Edward J. Gurley organized ten companies at Waco, Texas, to form the Thirtieth Texas Cavalry, also known as the First Texas Partisan Rangers. After the outbreak of the Civil War, Gurley obtained permission from President Jefferson Davis to raise a regiment of cavalry. A majority of the men Gurley enlisted in his command came from Waco and the surrounding area, many to avoid the stigma of conscription. Besides McLennan, men came from Bastrop, Johnson, Bosque, Comanche, Chambers, Erath, Hill, and Ellis counties, all in North Central Texas near the frontier, with a small number of men from Arkansas. After the Second Battle of Cabin Creek, the Thirtieth Texas Cavalry received orders that transferred it to Gen. William Henry Parson's Brigade, replacing the Twenty-first Texas Cavalry in March 1865. The Thirtieth Texas Cavalry finally disbanded in May 1865 at Wallace Prairie, Texas, near Austin after serving with Parson's Brigade for only two months.