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The Tennessee 45th Infantry Regiment was organized at Camp Trousdale, Tennessee, in December, 1861. It participated in the Battle of Shiloh, was active at Baton Rouge, then served in the Jackson area. Later it was assigned to J.C. Brown's, Brown's and Reynolds' Consolidated, and Palmer's Brigade, Army of Tennessee. In November, 1863, it was consolidated with the 23rd Infantry Battalion. The regiment took an active part in the campaigns of the army from Murfreesboro to Atlanta, moving with General Hood back into Tennessee, but it was not engaged at Franklin and Nashville. It ended the war in North Carolina. The unit sustained 112 casualties at Murfreesboro, lost forty-three percent of the 226 at Chickamauga, and reported 12 men disabled at Missionary Ridge. The 45th/23rd Battalion totaled 316 men and 340 arms in December, 1863. Few surrendered in April, 1865.
The 27th Alabama Infantry Regiment was organized at Fort Heiman, Tennessee, on 28 January 1862, a number of companies having flocked to that point in the winter of 1861. Initially, many soldiers carried double-barreled shotguns and long Bowie knives, according to J.P. Cannon, Inside of Rebeldom. Two Companies of "detachments, absentees, convalescents and recruits" of the 27th joined the Mississippi Second Bttn. "beyond Farmington on the Pittsburg Road" after the Second Battallion's engagement at Shiloh. This unit was then designated as the 33rd Mississippi Infantry Regiment, then the 38th Mississippi Infantry Regiment and finally the 45th Mississippi Infantry Regiment. After the parole of the 27th Alabama Infantry from Camp Douglas, Illinois Prison Camp, the original members of the 27th rejoined their unit. Ordered to Fort Henry, the regiment shared in the defense of that place, but it retired before the surrender, forming part of the garrison of Fort Donelson. It took part in the conflict there and was there surrendered, 16 February 1862. Following exchange the 27th continued throughout the war with the Army of Tennessee participating in the Atlanta Campaign, Franklin and Nashville, and the Carolinas Campaign. The 27th formed part of the last Confederate wave at Franklin and Nashville. There were only a few who were present to move into the Carolinas, and the regiment was ultimately consolidated with the 35th, 49th, and 57th Alabama regiments. The remainder surrendered at Greensboro, North Carolina, 9 April 1865. Companies Of The Alabama 27th Infantry Regiment Company A - Franklin - J.B. Moore; till re-organized. Robert Watson; superceded. H. Rodgers; wounded at Kinston. Company B - Franklin - R.G. Wright; captured at Fort Donelson; promoted. F. LeB. Goodwin. Company C - Lauderdale - Empson B. Dudley; captured at Fort Donelson; wounded in Georgia. Company D - Lawrence - H.B. Irwin of Lawrence; captured at Fort Donelson; wounded at Kinston. Company E - Lauderdale - T.A. Jones; till re-organized. Rob't Andrews. Company F - Madison - .... Roberts; till re-organized. John Corn. Company G - Franklin - Tho's B. M'Cullough; transferred. W.A. Isbell; killed at Baker's Creek. S.S. Anderson; wounded at Franklin. Company H - Morgan - ..... Humphrey; till re-organized. John B. Stewart. Company I - Lawrence - Henry A. McGhee; resigned. Thomas McGhee. Company K - Lauderdale - Hugh L. Ray; captured at Fort Donelson. *Capt. Wm. Word, commanding one of the companies in this regiment attached to the Thirty-third Mississippi, was killed at Perryville.
The Georgia 4th Cavalry Regiment (AveryÕs) was formed with eleven companies in January, 1863, using Avery's 23rd Georgia Cavalry Battalion as its nucleus. It served for a time with the Conscript Department in Tennessee, then was assigned to J.J. Morrison's, C.C. Crews', and Iverson's Brigade. The regiment participated in the Chickamauga, Knoxville, and Atlanta Campaigns, skirmished in Northern Georgia and East Tennessee, and took part in the defense of Savannah. In January, 1865, the unit was reorganized and called the 12th Cavalry. It went on to fight in the Carolinas and surrendered with the Army of Tennessee. Research of this unit is complicated by the fact that there was another 4th Cavalry (ClinchÕs). No roster of the 23rd Cavalry Battalion or the 4th Cavalry (AveryÕs) has been found. The records are all filed in the state archive microfilm as the GA 12th Cavalry Regiment.
The revised and updated groundbreaking study of the most extensive military operation of the Civil War—from the author of Bloody Roads South. The Petersburg campaign began on June 9, 1864, and ended on April 3, 1865, when Federal troops at last entered the city. It was the longest and most costly siege ever to take place on North American soil, yet it has been overshadowed by other actions that occurred at the same time period, most notably Sherman’s famous “March to the Sea,” and Sheridan’s celebrated Shenandoah Valley campaign. The ten-month Petersburg affair witnessed many more combat actions than the other two combined, and involved an average of 170,000 soldiers, not to mention thousands of civilians who were also caught up in the maelstrom. By its bloody end, the Petersburg campaign would add more than 70,000 casualties to the war’s total. With the same dogged determination that had seen him through the terrible Overland Campaign, Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant fixed his sights on the capture of Petersburg. Grant’s opponent, General Robert E. Lee, was equally determined that the “Cockade City” would not fall. Trudeau crafts this dramatic and moving story largely through the words of the men and women who were there, including officers, common soldiers, and the residents of Petersburg. What emerges is an epic account rich in human incident and adventure. Based on exhaustive research into official records and unpublished memoirs, letters, and diaries, as well as published recollections and regimental histories, The Last Citadel also includes twenty-three maps and a choice selection of drawings by on-the-spot combat artists.
The 38th Alabama Infantry Regiment was organized at Mobile in May 1862, and it remained at the defenses in the vicinity of that city until February 1863. It then proceeded to Tullahoma and was there placed in the brigade of General Henry D. Clayton of Barbour, with the 18th, 36th, and 58th Alabama regiments. The regiment was first under fire with slight loss at Hoover's Gap, and lost heavily in killed and wounded at Chickamauga (37% casualties out of 490 engaged). At Missionary Ridge, the 38th was again engaged at close quarters, and a large number were captured. The 38th continued through the Atlanta campaign. From Marietta to the close, General James T. Holtzclaw of Montgomery commanded the brigade. It fought around the latter city, and at Jonesboro. During the Tennessee campaign of General John Bell Hood, the regiment participated at Nashville in December 1864, and it was in the rear guard of the retreat. Placed in the defenses at Mobile, the regiment went through the ordeal at Spanish Fort where it again suffered severely. With the army, it was surrendered at Meridian, Mississippi, about 80 strong. Companies Of The AL 38th Infantry Regiment Co. "A" (Clarke County): William Jefferson Hearin (promoted); Daniel Lee Co. "B" (Wilcox County): William R. Welsh (KIA, Chickamauga); George W. Welch Co. "C," Dixie Rifles (Washington County): James L. Lenoir (resigned, 13 Aug 186?); A. G. Moore (resigned, 12 Dec 1863); B. F. Crowell (resigned, 25 Oct 1864); Lt. E. A. Holt Co. "D" [also called Co. "G"] (Clarke County): G. W. Files (resigned, 29 Oct 1862); John J. R. Jenkins (resigned); Benjamin Anderson (wounded, Missionary Ridge) Co. "E" (Conecuh County): E. W. Martin (retired, 20 July 1864); Lt. Samuel W. Landrum Co. "F" (Fayette County): John J. Winston (promoted, Adjutant, 18th AL Regt); Albert Embree (died in service, 19 March 1864); W. H. Wright (wounded, Missionary Ridge, and captured) Co. "G" (Mobile County): John B. Perkins (KIA, Chickamauga); George H. Cleveland (resigned, 5 April 1864) Co. "H" (Wilcox County): John A. Jackson (captured, Missionary Ridge; died as POW, 25 Dec 1863); Robert J. Young Co. "I" (Clarke County): Augustus R. Lankford (promoted); Charles E. Bussey (wounded, Chickamauga) Co. "K" (Mobile County): Ben Lane Posey (captured, Missionary Ridge; wounded, Kennesaw; dropped from roll, 17 Feb 1865)