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"The Bay Crossing Reach features some of the most complex and critical engineering components in the entire Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct system. In general, the Aqueduct is significant at the state level as it illustrates a pivotal shift in potable water collection and distribution in the San Francisco Bay region from reliance on local private water companies to a reliable, but distant, municipal water supply. In addition, the system utilized multiple innovative engineering structures to efficiently deliver water to the metropolitan region aprimarily by gravity flow. The scale of the water system had few peeers at the national level during the same period as only the Metropolitan System in Boston and the Catskill supply system in New York were larger. The Bay Crossing Reach utilized a unique combination of a pipleine bridge, wooden trestles, submarine pipe, valve houses, and a large concrete caisson to transmit water under and over San Francisco Bay, all concrete caisson to transmit water under and over San Francisco Bay, all while retaining sufficient hydrostatic pressure of the water line generated by gravity alone. By utilizing a complex array of structures to eliminate the need for a costly pumping station, the Bay Crossing Reach engineers, such as John Ripley Freeman and Michael M. O'Shaughnessy, conveyed their mastery in the planning and design of an efficient muicipal water delivery system. Consequently these individuals were also recognized nationally for their accomplishments"--Pages 1-2.
This new edition of the definitive guide to recording America's built environment provides a detailed reference to the re-cording methods and techniques that are fundamental tools for examining any existing structure. Edited by the Deputy Chief of the Historic American Building Survey/Historic American Engineering Record, this revised edition includes in-formation on recent technological advances such as laser scanning, new case studies, and expanded material on the docu-mentation of historic landscapes.
The roads within America's national park system reveal a wide range of technological, aesthetic, and philosophical concerns. Their design and construction epitomize the central challenge of national park management: how to balance environmental protection with public access. The Historic American Engineering Record (HAER), a division of the National Park Service, has spent more than a dozen years documenting the history of this vital aspect of the national park experience. America's National Park Roads and Parkways brings together 331 measured and interpretive drawings commissioned by HAER to illustrate the physical characteristics, design strategies, construction practices, and visitor experiences of roads in national parks from Acadia to Zion and parkways from the Blue Ridge to the Natchez Trace. Also included are non–Park Service projects that utilized similar design strategies, including the Bronx River Parkway and the Columbia River Highway. The book documents thirty-one projects, explaining how roads shape visitor perceptions, highlighting key characteristics of individual park road systems, and connecting their design and construction to the broader history of American engineering and landscape architecture. More than a documentary record of historic design and construction practices, this book has practical applications for engineers, landscape architects, and cultural resource specialists in guiding design decisions, interpreting historic sites, and informing contemporary debates on preservation and environmental protection. National Park Roads: Acadia National Park; Crater Lake National Park; Glacier National Park (Going-to-the-Sun Road); Great Smoky Mountains National Park; Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historical Park; Mount Rainier National Park; Rocky Mountain National Park; Scotts Bluff National Monument; Sequoia National Park (Generals Highway); Shenandoah National Park (Skyline Drive); Yellowstone National Park; Yosemite National Park; Zion National Park National Military Parks: Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park; Gettysburg National Military Park; Shiloh National Military Park; Vicksburg National Military Park Parkways: Baltimore-Washington Parkway; Blue Ridge Parkway; Colonial Parkway; George Washington Memorial Parkway; Natchez Trace Parkway; Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway Park Road Precedents: Bronx River Parkway; Columbia River Highway
Photographs of ninety-five of the most impressive bridges in the United States are presented chronologically, from pre-Civil War spans to today's suspension bridges
Among the featured bridges are two of the longest covered bridges left in the United States, the Medora and Williams bridges; Kentucky's Bennett Mill Bridge, the only surviving Wheeler truss bridge; and the Stark Bridge in New Hampshire, which provides one of the most picturesque scenes in America.