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This book announces the new, interdisciplinary field of critical disaster studies. Unlike most existing approaches to disaster, critical disaster studies begins with the idea that disasters are not objective facts, but rather are interpretive fictions—and they shape the way people see the world. By questioning the concept of disaster itself, critical disaster studies reveals the stakes of defining people or places as vulnerable, resilient, or at risk. As social constructs, disaster, vulnerability, resilience, and risk shape and are shaped by contests over power. Managers and technocrats often herald the goals of disaster response and recovery as objective, quantifiable, or self-evident. In reality, the goals are subjective, and usually contested. Critical disaster studies attends to the ways powerful people often use claims of technocratic expertise to maintain power. Moreover, rather than existing as isolated events, disasters take place over time. People commonly imagine disasters to be unexpected and sudden, making structural conditions appear contingent, widespread conditions appear local, and chronic conditions appear acute. By placing disasters in broader contexts, critical disaster studies peels away that veneer. With chapters by scholars of five continents and seven disciplines, Critical Disaster Studies asks how disasters come to be known as disasters, how disasters are used as tools of governance and politics, and how people imagine and anticipate disasters. The volume will be of interest to scholars of disaster in any discipline and especially to those teaching the growing number of courses on disaster studies.
Chartered in 1855 as an agricultural college, Penn State was designated Pennsylvania's land-grant school soon after the passage of the Morrill Act in 1862. Through this federal legislation, the institution assumed a legal obligation to offer studies not only in agriculture but also in engineering and other utilitarian fields as well as liberal arts. By giving it land-grant status, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania made the privately chartered Penn State a public instrumentality and assumed a responsibility to assist it in carrying out its work. However, the notion that higher education should have practical value was a novel one in the mid-nineteenth century, and Penn State experienced several decades of drift and uncertainty before winning the confidence of Pennsylvania's citizens and their political leaders. The story of Penn State in the twentieth century is one of continuous expansion in its three-fold mission: instruction, research, and extension. Engineering, agriculture, mineral industries, and science were early strengths; during the Great Depression, liberal arts matured. Further curricular diversification occurred after the Second World War, and a medical school and teaching hospital were added in the 1960s. Penn State was among the earliest land-grant schools to inaugurate extension programs in agriculture, engineering, and home economics. Indeed, the success of extension education indirectly led to the founding of the first branch campuses in the 1930s, from which evolved the extensive Commonwealth Campus system. The history of Penn State encompasses more than academics. It is the personal story of such able leaders as presidents Evan Pugh, George Atherton, and Milton Eisenhower, who saw not the institution that was but the one that could be. It is the story of the confusing and often frustrating relationship between the University and the state government. As much as anything else, it is the story of students, with ample attention given to the social as well as scholastic side of student life. All of this is placed in the context of the history of land-grant education and Pennsylvania's overall educational development. This is an objective, analytical, and at times critical account of Penn State from the earliest days to the 1980s. With hundreds of illustrations and interesting vignettes, this book is a visually exciting and human-oriented history of a major state university.
From the time of its establishment in the eighteenth century until late in the nineteenth century, the University of Pennsylvania's School of Medicine was the most respected medical institution in the United States. Today it is among the leaders in medical education in the U.S. It continues to play a crucial role in the development of medical education, the practice of medicine, and medical research in America. Innovation and Tradition at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine: An Anecdotal Journey presents a thoroughly researched, readable history of this important institution. Tracing its growth from a couple of courses at the College of Philadelphia to its 225th anniversary in 1990, the authors highlight the truly remarkable contributions to science and medicine made by members of the school's distinguished faculty. including Benjamin Rush, Caspar Wistar, Joseph Leidy, Simon Flexner, lsador Ravdin, and Britton Chance.
The Pennsylvania Journey is a middle school textbook. The outline for this book is based on the Pennsylvania Academic Standards for History and teaches geography, geology, history, economics, citizenship, and government. The book places the state's historical events in the context of our nation's history. Features such as timelines, local images, dozens of photographs, Pennsylvania Portraits, Linking the Past to the Present, and What Do You Think? discussion questions deliver content in an effective and inviting way, making history come alive. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Pennsylvania's Geography Chapter 2 The First People Chapter 3 Colonial Pennsylvania Chapter 4 Revolutionary Pennsylvania Chapter 5 A New Nation Chapter 6 Transportation, Industry, and Natural Resources Chapter 7 Antebellum Pennsylvania Chapter 8 Pennsylvania and the Civil War Chapter 9 An Industrial State Chapter 10 The Age of Reform Chapter 11 The Great Depression and World War II Chapter 12 Cold War, Civil Rights, and More War Chapter 13 Government for the Nation and the State Chapter 14 Making a Living in Pennsylvania
"A collection of essays on the American Revolution in Pennsylvania. Topics include the politicization of the English- and German-language press and the population they served; the Revolution in remote areas of the state; and new historical perspectives on the American and British armies during the Valley Forge winter"--Provided by publisher.