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The purpose of this three-part manual is to assist highway personnel to achieve the policy goals and objectives of all Federal and State statutes and Executive Orders pertaining to the Nation's wetlands. Volume II provides the technical and scientific data, information, and analyses which are directly relevant to the guidelines. Volume II provides emphasis on the following issues: (1) the variety of wetland types and regional factors which can influence highway project impacts; (2) the evaluation of impacts; (3) areas of scientific disagreement; (4) technical and economic feasibility.
TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 302: Mitigation of Ecological Impacts provides an overview of current transportation agency practices, recent literature findings, and research on measures to mitigate the environmental impact of transportation projects--including the monitoring and evaluation of aquatic environments and related habitats.
In 1996, the Federal Highway Administration initiated efforts to re-educate transportation professionals and enhance their expertise on how to address possible adverse social, economic, and environmental effects during project planning, development, and decision making. A user-friendly primer, "Community Impact Assessment," was published in September 1996 on how to conduct a community impact assessment to address the impacts of proposed transportation actions on communities, neighborhoods, and people. To complement the primer, this document, "Community Impact Mitigation: Case Studies," provides examples of how transportation projects have been planned, designed, and constructed to be neighborhood friendly; avoid, minimize, and mitigate impacts; and, where appropriate, enhance the livability of communities and neighborhoods. This document contains five case studies: Community Mitigation and Enhancement - Durham, North Carolina; Community Cohesion - Oak Park, Michigan; Community Preservation - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Community Reconstruction - Seattle, Washington; and Community Revitalization - Prichard, Alabama.