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Report investigates programmes and sites in developing and transitional countries which were regarded by international authorities as "high coverage sites" i.e. where more than 50% of injecting drug users had been reached by one or more HIV prevention programmes. Each case study includes a description of the development of the programme and features of the services provided, an estimation of programme coverage, factors that led to high coverage, and a discussion of ways to maintain and expand coverage.
Fuel cells continue to be heralded as the energy source of the future, and every year an immense amount of research time and money is devoted making them more economically and technically viable. Fuel Cells Compendium brings together an up-to-date review of the literature and commentary surrounding fuel cells research. Covering all relevant disciplines from science to engineering to policy, it is an exceptional resource for anyone with an invested interest in the field. - Provides an comprehensive selection of reviews and other industrially focused material on fuel cells research - Broadly scoped to encompass many disciplines, from science to engineering, to applications and policy - In-depth coverage of the two major types of fuel cells: Ceramic (Solid Oxide) and Polymers (Proton Exchange Membranes)
Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: At present, the World Wide Web faces several problems regarding the search for specific in formation, arising, on the one hand, from the vast number of information sources available, and, on the other hand, from their intrinsic heterogeneity. A promising approach for solving the complex problems emerging in this context is the use of information agents in a multi-agent environment, which cooperatively solve advanced information-retrieval problems. An intelligent information agent provides advanced capabilities resorting to some form of logical reasoning, based on ad-hoc-knowledge about the task in question and on background knowledge of the domain, suitably represented in a knowledge base. In this thesis, our interest is in the role which some methods from the field of declarative logic programming can play in the realization of reasoning capabilities for intelligent information agents. We consider the task of updating extended logic programs (ELPs), since, in order to ensure adaptivity, an agent s knowledge base is subject to change. To this end, we develop update agents, which follow a declarative update policy and a reimplemented in the IMPACT agent environment. The proposed update agents adhere to a clear semantics and are able to deal with incomplete or in consistent information in an appropriate way. Furthermore, we introduce a framework for reasoning about evolving knowledgebases, which are represented as ELPs and maintained by an update policy. We describe a formal model which captures various update approaches, and define a logical language for expressing properties of evolving knowledge bases. We further investigate these mantical properties of knowledge states with respect to reasoning. In particular, we describe finitary characterizations of the knowledge evolution, and derive complexity results for our framework. Finally, we consider aparticular problem of information agents, namely information source selection, and develop an intelligent site-selection agent. We use ELPs for representing relevant knowledge and for declarative query an alysis and query abstraction. We define syntax and semantics of declarative site-selection programs, making use of advanced methods from answer set programming for priority handling and quantitative reasoning. A site selection component is implemented on top of the DLVKR system and its plp front-end for prioritized ELPs. We report experimental results for this implementation, [...]
Examines technical, operational, and cost issues related to using a boost-phase intercept (BPI) system to defend the United States against intercontinental ballistic missiles.
Since 1948, this Series has filled the gap between the papers that report and the textbooks that teach in the diverse areas of catalysis research. The editors of and contributors to Advances in Catalysis are dedicated to recording progress in this area. Each volume of Advances in Catalysis contains articles covering a subject of broad interest.
Catalysis in Electrochemistry: From Fundamental Aspects to Strategies for Fuel Cell Development is a modern, comprehensive reference work on catalysis in electrochemistry, including principles, methods, strategies, and applications. It points out differences between catalysis at gas/surfaces and electrochemical interfaces, along with the future possibilities and impact of electrochemical science on energy problems. This book contributes both to fundamental science; experience in the design, preparation, and characterization of electrocatalytic materials; and the industrial application of electrocatalytic materials for electrochemical reactions. This is an essential resource for scientists globally in academia, industry, and government institutions.