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The Republican efficiency expert whose economic boosterism met its match in the Great Depression Catapulted into national politics by his heroic campaigns to feed Europe during and after World War I, Herbert Hoover—an engineer by training—exemplified the economic optimism of the 1920s. As president, however, Hoover was sorely tested by America's first crisis of the twentieth century: the Great Depression. Renowned New Deal historian William E. Leuchtenburg demonstrates how Hoover was blinkered by his distrust of government and his belief that volunteerism would solve all social ills. As Leuchtenburg shows, Hoover's attempts to enlist the aid of private- sector leaders did little to mitigate the Depression, and he was routed from office by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932. From his retirement at Stanford University, Hoover remained a vocal critic of the New Deal and big government until the end of his long life. Leuchtenburg offers a frank, thoughtful portrait of this lifelong public servant, and shrewdly assesses Hoover's policies and legacy in the face of one of the darkest periods of American history.
“A deft, filled-out portrait of the thirty-first president…by far the best, most readable study of Herbert Hoover’s presidency to date” (Publishers Weekly) that draws on rare and intimate sources to show he was temperamentally unsuited for the job. Herbert Clark Hoover was the thirty-first President of the United States. He served one term, from 1929 to 1933. Often considered placid, passive, unsympathetic, and even paralyzed by national events, Hoover faced an uphill battle in the face of the Great Depression. Many historians dismiss him as merely ineffective. But in Herbert Hoover in the White House, Charles Rappleye investigates memoirs and diaries and thousands of documents kept by members of his cabinet and close advisors to reveal a very different figure than the one often portrayed. This “gripping” (Christian Science Monitor) biography shows that the real Hoover lacked the tools of leadership. In public Hoover was shy and retiring, but in private Rappleye shows him to be a man of passion and sometimes of fury, a man who intrigued against his enemies while fulminating over plots against him. Rappleye describes him as more sophisticated and more active in economic policy than is often acknowledged. We see Hoover watching a sunny (and he thought ignorant) FDR on the horizon, experimenting with steps to relieve the Depression. The Hoover we see here—bright, well meaning, energetic—lacked the single critical element to succeed as president. He had a first-class mind and a second-class temperament. Herbert Hoover in the White House is an object lesson in the most, perhaps only, talent needed to be a successful president—the temperament of leadership. This “fair-handed, surprisingly sympathetic new appraisal of the much-vilified president who was faced with the nation's plunge into the Great Depression…fills an important niche in presidential scholarship” (Kirkus Reviews).
In this book, Hoover expounds and vigorously defends what has come to be called American exceptionalism: the set of beliefs and values that still makes America unique. He argues that America can make steady, sure progress if we preserve our individualism, preserve and stimulate the initiative of our people, insist on and maintain the safeguards to equality of opportunity, and honor service as a part of our national character.
The 1929 State of the Union Address was given by Herbert Hoover, the 31st United States President, to both houses of the 71st United States Congress. This is the first State of the Union Address that Herbert Hoover would give to Congress, and the 1929 Stock Market Crash had just begun. Excerpt: "The test of the rightfulness of our decisions must be whether we have sustained and advanced the ideals of the American people; self-government in its foundations of local government; justice whether to the individual or to the group; ordered liberty; freedom from domination; open opportunity and equality of opportunity; the initiative and individuality of our people; prosperity and the lessening of poverty; freedom of public opinion; education; advancement of knowledge; the growth of religious spirit; the tolerance of all faiths; the foundations of the home and the advancement of peace."
The great tragedy of the twenty-eighth President as witnessed by his loyal lieutenant, and the thirty-first President.
The volume by President Hoover is organized as follows: Introduction The Origins of the Depression 1. The Origins of the Great Depression 2. We Attempt to Stop the Orgy of Speculation 3. Our Weak American Banking System 4. Federal Government Responsibilities and Functions in Economic Crises Remedial Measures 5. A Summary of the Evolution of the Depression 6. First Phase of the Depression – October, 1929, to April, 1931 7. Second Phase of the Depression-April to August, 1931 8. Third Phase of the Depression—August to November, 1931 9. Fourth Phase of the Depression-November, 1931, to July, 1932 10. Fourth Phase of the Depression-November, 1931, to July, 1932 (Cont’d) 11. Fourth Phase of the Depression-November, 1931, to July, 1932 (Cont’d) 12. Fourth Phase of the Depression-November, 1931, to July, 1932 (Cont’d) 13. Fourth Phase of the Depression-November, 1931, to July, 1932 (Cont’d) 14. Fourth Phase of the Depression-November, 1931, to July, 1932 (Cont’d) 15. Fourth Phase of the Depression-November, 1931, to July, 1932 (Cont’d) 16. Action From the Adjournment of Congress in July Until the 17. Fifth Phase of the Depression-September, 1932, to March, 1933 18. Ominous Economic Signs The Presidential Election of 1932 19. The Background of the 1932 Campaign 20. The Campaign Debate 21. Charges of Responsibility for the Depression 22. The “Hoover Did Nothing” Issue 23. The Federal Expenses and Tax Issue 24. The Gold Standard and Managed Currency Issues 25. The Tariff Issue 26. Agricultural Issues 27. Labor, Relief, and Public Works Issues 28. The Prohibition Issue 29. Business Regulation Issues 30. Collectivism by “Planned Economy” 31. Home Again The Aftermath 32. The Aftermath 33. Building the Trojan Horse of Emergency 34. The Recognition of Russia and the World Economic Conference in 1933 35. Usurpation of Power 36. Collectivism Comes to the Currency—and Its Consequences 37. Fascism Comes to Agriculture 38. Fascism Comes to Business—With Dire Consequences 39. Fascism Comes to Labor—With Consequences 40. Introduction to Socialism Through Electrical Power 41. Direct Relief and Public Works 42. Collectivism by Thought Control and Smear 43. Some Good Actions 44. The Expenditures, Accounting and Statistics 45. The Consequences
“At last, a biography of Herbert Hoover that captures the man in full… [Jeansonne] has splendidly illuminated the arc of one of the most extraordinary lives of the twentieth century.”—David M. Kennedy, Pulitzer Prize-winning Author of Freedom from Fear Prizewinning historian Glen Jeansonne delves into the life of our most misunderstood president, offering up a surprising new portrait of Herbert Hoover—dismissing previous assumptions and revealing a political Progressive in the mold of Theodore Roosevelt, and the most resourceful American since Benjamin Franklin. Orphaned at an early age and raised with strict Quaker values, Hoover earned his way through Stanford University. His hardworking ethic drove him to a successful career as an engineer and multinational businessman. After the Great War, he led a humanitarian effort that fed millions of Europeans left destitute, arguably saving more lives than any man in history. As commerce secretary under President Coolidge, Hoover helped modernize and galvanize American industry, and orchestrated the rehabilitation of the Mississippi Valley after the Great Flood of 1927. As president, Herbert Hoover became the first chief executive to harness federal power to combat a crippling global recession. Though Hoover is often remembered as a “do-nothing” president, Jeansonne convincingly portrays a steadfast leader who challenged congress on an array of legislation that laid the groundwork for the New Deal. In addition, Hoover reformed America’s prisons, improved worker safety, and fought for better health and welfare for children. Unfairly attacked by Franklin D. Roosevelt and blamed for the Depression, Hoover was swept out of office in a landslide. Yet as FDR’s government grew into a bureaucratic behemoth, Hoover became the moral voice of the GOP and a champion of Republican principles—a legacy re-ignited by Ronald Reagan and which still endures today. A compelling and rich examination of his character, accomplishments and failings, this is the magnificent biography of Herbert Hoover we have long waited for. INCLUDES PHOTOS
In the long life of Herbert Hoover, the four years as president of the United States, 1929-1933, sometimes appear as only an interlude in a fruitful public career. Yet those years in the life of the nation were of crucial significance. The decades that have passed since then have revealed how the political and economic struggles in those presidential years shook the foundations of government in the United States. Action in the national interest was made exceedingly difficult as the special interests of states and sections, and the demands of local constituencies on their elected representatives in the nation's capital, inhibited action. That political conflict, which occurred at a crossroads in American history, is the primary concern of this book.