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IntroductionPeople who delay presenting with breast cancer have a reduced chance of survival. ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to review the literature for the effectiveness of interventions to prevent the delay of help seeking behavior in cancer. We also aimed to get strategy to future research.MethodsWe searched the literature published in English for studies examining interventions to prevent the delay of help seeking behavior in cancer. We searched the ProQuest, PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL from 1981 to May 2017 using the following key words; neoplasms, help seeking behavior, delay, and intervention. we also searched additional records identified through the reference of studies (Figure1). Results and DiscussionWe reviewed 6 studies. Five studies out of six were performed in UK, the other is performed Indonesia. These studyu2019s concept framework is built based on related to health promotion. These studies show effective to utilize multiple techniques which promote changing health behavior to prevent delay of help seeking behavior in cancer patients, such as expert consultation and using booklet builds on the information designed to raise awareness. However, the intervention outcome is different depend on the characteristics related factors of delay of help seeking behavior in each country.; UK study focus on the raising awareness, Indonesia studies focus on the how to get the social support.ConclusionInterventions to focus on the relating factors of delay multiple techniques may prevent delay of help seeking behavior, although the evidence is limited.
This book is designed to guide both new and more seasoned researchers through the steps of conceiving, designing, and implementing coherent research capable of generating new insights in clinical settings. Drawing from a variety of theoretical, methodological, and substantive strands, interpretive description provides a bridge between objective neutrality and abject theorizing, producing results that are academically credible, imaginative, and clinically practical. Replete with examples from a host of research settings in health care and other arenas, the volume will be an ideal text for applied research programs.
Cancer care today often provides state-of-the-science biomedical treatment, but fails to address the psychological and social (psychosocial) problems associated with the illness. This failure can compromise the effectiveness of health care and thereby adversely affect the health of cancer patients. Psychological and social problems created or exacerbated by cancer-including depression and other emotional problems; lack of information or skills needed to manage the illness; lack of transportation or other resources; and disruptions in work, school, and family life-cause additional suffering, weaken adherence to prescribed treatments, and threaten patients' return to health. Today, it is not possible to deliver high-quality cancer care without using existing approaches, tools, and resources to address patients' psychosocial health needs. All patients with cancer and their families should expect and receive cancer care that ensures the provision of appropriate psychosocial health services. Cancer Care for the Whole Patient recommends actions that oncology providers, health policy makers, educators, health insurers, health planners, researchers and research sponsors, and consumer advocates should undertake to ensure that this standard is met.
The central purpose of this book is to demonstrate the relevance of social science concepts, and the data derived from empirical research in those sciences, to problems in the clinical practice of medicine. As physicians, we believe that the biomedical sciences have made - and will continue to make - important con tributions to better health. At the same time, we are no less fIrmly persuaded that a comprehensive understanding of health and illness, an understanding which is necessary for effective preventive and therapeutic measures, requires equal attention to the social and cultural determinants of the health status of human populations. The authors who agreed to collaborate with us in the writ ing of this book were chosen on the basis of their experience in designing and executing research on health and health services and in teaching social science concepts and methods which are applicable to medical practice. We have not attempted to solicit contributions to cover the entire range of the social sciences as they apply to medicine. Rather, we have selected key ap proaches to illustrate the more salient areas. These include: social epidemiology, health services research, social network analysis, cultural studies of illness behavior, along with chapters on the social labeling of deviance, patterns of therapeutic communication, and economic and political analyses of macro-social factors which influence health outcomes as well as services.
Population-based cancer survival rates offer an important benchmark for measuring a health care system's overall effectiveness in the fight against cancer. While this type of information on high-resource countries is readily available, Cancer Survival in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean and Central America presents in-depth cancer survival data from 27 population-based cancer registries in 14 low- and middle-resource countries. The striking inequalities in cancer survival between countries and within countries described in this volume are largely related to the differences in general awareness, availability of early detection practices, trained human resources, diagnosis and treatment and the development and accessibility to cancer services, as well as, to a lesser extent, to issues of data quality and reliability. The differences in cancer survival reported in populations observed between and within countries studied in this volume provide valuable insights for future planning and investment by governments in primary prevention activities, early detection initiatives and tertiary care to achieve meaningful cancer control. The calendar period of registration of incident cases for the present study ranges between 1990 and 2001. Data on 564 606 cases of 1-56 cancer sites from different registries are reported. Data from eleven registries were utilized for eliciting survival trend and seventeen registries for reporting survival by clinical extent of disease. Besides chapters on every registry and general chapters on methodology, database and overview, the availability of online comparative statistics on cancer survival data by participating registries or cancer site in the form of tables or graphs is an added feature.
A pioneering psychologist, Hooker was a poet and a towering figure in LGBTQ+ rights. This evocative biography tells the story of Evelyn Hooker, the extraordinary woman behind the research, advocacy, and allyship that led to the removal of the “Homosexuality” diagnosis from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Written by Stonewall award-winning author Gayle Pitman, Hooker’s groundbreaking work is captured like never before. At the end of the book, a “Note to Readers” provides information about how to be an effective ally to LGBTQ+ people; other endmatter included are a timeline, discussion questions, reading list, and additional resources, written by Sarah Prager.
Lung cancer kills more people than any other cancer worldwide primarily because it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. One factor that can influence advanced stage lung cancer diagnosis is delayed help-seeking behavior in individuals with symptoms suggestive of lung cancer. Delayed help-seeking behavior has been investigated in acute cardiovascular events and breast cancer, but there is little evidence on specific factors that influence the timing of help-seeking behavior in lung cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of healthcare system distrust, lung cancer stigma, and smoking status on the timing of help-seeking behavior in individuals with symptoms suggestive of lung cancer. This study employed a descriptive, cross-sectional design with 93 participants using the Revised Healthcare System Distrust Scale, Cataldo Lung Cancer Stigma Scale, and investigator-developed Timing of Help-Seeking Behavior and Demographic Questionnaire to assess the variables of interest. Hierarchical linear regression was used to assess the ability of healthcare system distrust, lung cancer stigma, and smoking status to predict greater time to seek help in lung cancer patients, after controlling for annual income, perceived financial status, ethnicity, and social desirability. In Step 1, ethnicity and perceived financial status explained 10% of the variance in time to seek help. After entry of healthcare system distrust, lung cancer stigma, and smoking status at Step 2, the total variance explained by the model as a whole was 23% of the variance in the time to seek help in individuals with symptoms suggestive of lung cancer. Significant findings from this study include the effect of healthcare system distrust, lung cancer stigma, and ethnicity on help-seeking behavior in individuals with lung cancer symptoms. The findings indicate a critical need for public health awareness that targets increasing awareness of lung cancer symptoms, decreasing lung cancer stigma and healthcare system distrust, recognizing the significant proportion of lung cancer patients whom have never smoked, and decreasing delays in help-seeking behaviors in individuals with symptoms suggestive of lung cancer.
Principles and Concepts of Behavioral Medicine A Global Handbook Edwin B. Fisher, Linda D. Cameron, Alan J. Christensen, Ulrike Ehlert, Brian Oldenburg, Frank J. Snoek and Yan Guo This definitive handbook brings together an international array of experts to present the broad, cells-to-society perspectives of behavioral medicine that complement conventional models of health, health care, and prevention. In addition to applications to assessment, diagnosis, intervention, and management, contributors offer innovative prevention and health promotion strategies informed by current knowledge of the mechanisms and pathways of behavior change. Its range of conceptual and practical topics illustrates the central role of behavior in health at the individual, family, community, and population levels, and its increasing importance to person-centered care. The broad perspectives on risk (e.g., stress, lifestyle), management issues (e.g., adherence, social support), and overarching concerns (e.g., inequities, health policy) makes this reference uniquely global as it addresses the following core areas: · The range of relationships and pathways between behavior and health. · Knowing in behavioral medicine; epistemic foundations. · Key influences on behavior and the relationships among behavior, health, and illness. · Approaches to changing behavior related to health. · Key areas of application in prevention and disease management. · Interventions to improve quality of life. · The contexts of behavioral medicine science and practice. Principles and Concepts of Behavioral Medicine opens out the contemporary world of behavior and health to enhance the work of behavioral medicine specialists, health psychologists, public health professionals and policymakers, as well as physicians, nurses, social workers and those in many other fields of health practice around the world.