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The low-temperature heat capacity behavior of PuO/sub 2/ was found to be anomalous and irreproducible, changing slightly after every one of seven liquid helium coolings. Data obtained from a second series of liquid helium coolings, made after refiring three of four original FuO/sub 2/ wafers in air, were consistent with the last run of the first series. The final low-temperature heat capacity vs temperature curve was more like that reported for ThO/sub 2/ than it was for similar curves reported for UO/sub 2/ and NpO/sub 2/. A least squares equation relating heat capacity and temperature is given for the low-temperature region. Values of heat capacity, entropy, and enthalpy are listed for several temperatures. (auth).
Scientific, unmanned spacecraft on missions to Jupiter and beyond will be subjected to nuclear radiation from the natural environment and onboard nuclear power sources which may be harmful to subsystems. This report postulates these environments and discusses practical considerations to ensure confidence that the spacecraft's materials and subsystems will withstand the effects of anticipated radiation. Degradation mechanisms are discussed.
Refractory Materials: A Series of Monographs Volume 5 is a collection of works from different scientists who have made important discoveries in fields related to chemistry. The text covers topics such as thoria and yttria, and the refractory oxides of the lanthanide and actinide elements; single-crystal titanates and zirconates; some binary systems of zirconium dioxide; and zircon and zirconates. Also covered are topics such as halfnium oxide – its occurrence, purification, and physical and thermodynamic properties; and the structure and physical properties of Nb2O5 and Ta2O5. The book is recommended for chemists and materials scientists who would like to know more about the studies of other experts in the field and their applications.
The heat capacity of a two-gram sample of neptunium dioxide was determined from 10 to 315 degrees K in an adiabatic calorimeter. At 298.16 degrees K, the molal entropy and enthalpy calculated from the heat capacity data are 19.19 (plus or minus) 0.1 cal degree (exp -1) and 2770 (plus or minus) 15 cal, respectively. A pronounced hump was found in the heat capacity curve of neptunium dioxide at 25.3 degrees K similar to that found by Long, Jones, and Gordon in uranium dioxide at 28.6 degrees K. This anomaly in the heat capacity is suggestive of a cooperative phenomenon and is attributed to the incidence of antiferromagnetism below the temperature of the maximum in the heat capacity. A calorimeter for gram-scale samples and a modification of the cryostat design of Ruehrwein and Huffman so as to employ only liquid helium and liquid nitrogen as refrigerants are described.