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This Brief is aimed at engineers and researchers involved in the refrigeration industry: specifically, those interested in energy utilization and system efficiency. The book presents what the authors believe is the first comprehensive frost melting study involving all aspects of heat and mass transfer. The volume’s description of in-plane and normal digital images of frost growth and melting is also unique in the field, and the digital analysis technique offers an advantage over invasive measurement methods. The scope of book’s coverage includes modeling and experimentation for the frost formation and melting processes. The key sub-specialties to which the book are aimed include refrigeration system analysis and design, coupled heat and mass transfer, and phase-change processes.
This SpringerBrief presents a recent advancement in modeling and measurement of the effect of surface wettability on the defrost process. Carefully controlled laboratory measurements of the defrosting of cooled surfaces are used to reveal the effect of surface wetting properties on the extent and speed of frost removal by melting or slumping. The experiments are accompanied by visualization of frost removal at several defrosting conditions. Analysis breaks the defrost process into three stages according to the behavior of the meltwater. Surface wetting factors are included, and become significant when sufficient meltwater accumulates between the saturated frost layer and the surface. The book is aimed at researchers, practicing engineers and graduate students.
This volume of papers has been produced in memory of Professor R.R. Gilpin, who was a pioneer in the field of freezing phenomena in ice-water systems. The subject has applications in ice formation in industrial plants, technologies for manufacturing crystals in space for semiconductors and computer chips and atmospheric physics and geophysics.
Recent developments in the theoretical and practical problems of porous media physics are reviewed in this volume. The main emphasis is on the interdisciplinary nature of transport phenomena in porous media study. State-of-the-art reviews and descriptions of innovative research in progress are reported. A broad spectrum of problems and techniques related to porous media physics is presented. Fundamental questions currently under investigation provide a unifying theme in this volume, helping the reader to understand the problems and research trends in the field. The first part focuses on general problems and techniques. Phenomenological aspects of averaging techniques, the hierarchy of scales that are involved in real porous media and the related scaling problems of multiphase, multicomponent transport phenomena are examined with the emphasis on providing the basic scientific background for a variety of applications. Sometimes, theory comes very close to applications, and occasionally they diverge. This timely treatise demonstrates that both is now the case in porous media physics. This volume will prove an indispensable reference source for all those interested in resolving discrepancies through innovative research work, and inspiring new advances in the field.
Heat and mass transfer in porous media under phase transition conditions has a great scientific and practical interest in solving of engineering and technical problems. Many industrial processes require the study of mathematical models for the development of both the technologies based on the phase transitions in porous media and experimental devices for the study of these processes. The main goal of the book is sequential and systematical consideration from unified view point the heat and mass transfer processes occurring in heterogeneous porous media (soil-water-ice) under phase transition conditions. New solutions and also analytical and numerical models are provided for the analysis of the freezing (thawing) processes in the soils, which are arisen in various regions such as Canada, The United States and North-East Asia. For multiphase media, the system of differential equations with allowance of phase transition kinetics is derived. In contrast to the most studies, considering a two-zone model for the solution (classical approach), we suppose the existence of a region of intensive phase transitions freezing or kinetic zone, which is characterised by non-instantaneous kinetics of crystallisation. As a new and important result, the criterion for freezing zone formation as a function of soil properties and freezing conditions is derived. The book also includes the new experimental method and results relating to determination of the important characteristic for the kinetic model time of the water crystallisation in freezing porous media. A new approach for the modelling the secondary frost heave is proposed and described in detail. The new results, concerning with frost heave distribution and its rate, are presented. On the basis of perturbation method in a two-dimensional coupled heat and mass transfer model, for the first time, the analytical criteria in dimensionless form for the both dynamic and morphological instability are derived. Employing Fourier synthesis, an actual front shape evolution is calculated. In this way the new physical results are obtained. All results of modelling represented in book have an appropriate mathematical justification, are illustrated by comparison with appropriate experimental data and, where it is possible, with calculation results of other authors. The models and results presented in this book can be used for the prediction of the main engineering characteristics for the practical problems.