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Healthcare Policies and Systems in Europe and China, a product of an interdisciplinary European Union-funded project, comprehensively investigates opportunities for mutual integration in the healthcare sector of the two regions and analyses policies at both national and local levels, the legal environment, medical practices, as well as the state of respective healthcare industries and related businesses. The book sheds light on both the potential benefits and obstacles to the integration of Chinese and Western medicine, as well as practices and industries in Europe and China. An interdisciplinary approach is adopted throughout using tools and technical knowledge derived from the economics, social sciences, legal and medical fields.This edited volume seeks to provide guidelines and policy proposals for policy-makers both in Europe and China, as well as offer operational suggestions for companies working in or with China, to enhance bilateral trade and investment flows. It also presents medical evidence and economic/legal analysis that will help boost the integration of traditional Chinese medicine with Western medicine through research studies. This is a recommended read for graduates, researchers and policy-makers seeking for a holistic understanding of healthcare policies and systems, both in theory and in practice.
This book explores the ongoing transition of China’s economy by examining how its healthcare industry is growing and changing. The coronavirus pandemic has reinforced one of the authors' key points: in our complex, fragile, and interconnected societies, the production of health is a vital strategic ‘industry’. The case of China is particularly salient, because of its economic and geopolitical significance, and the scale of the healthcare challenge it has faced. Adopting a multi-level perspective, the authors examine the entrepreneurial role of the Chinese government as it seeks to strengthen the competitiveness of domestic firms. They analyze the strategies employed to improve China’s technology and capacity for innovation, and discuss China’s strategies and policies to ensure knowledge acquisition and creation in the long-term, with particular reference to international scientific collaborations. This book is a must-read for students, researchers, and policymakers interested in the prospects and challenges posed by the growth of the Chinese healthcare industry and its global impact.
The People's Republic of China is one of the largest importers and exporters of food products in the world. After the melamine crisis fundamentally challenged its food legal infrastructure, the PRC now boasts one of the most modern systems of food law in the world. This makes Chinese food law very interesting for its own sake but also as a source for comparison and inspiration. This book aims to make Chinese food law accessible to a non-Chinese audience. The book follows the same legal-systematic approach that has proven its usefulness in explaining EU food law in the EU Food Law Handbook. Topics discussed include the history of Chinese food law, general principles, the institutional framework, the difference between food and edible agricultural products, the homology of food and medicine, authorization requirements for food additives, novel food materials, health foods, food for special medical purposes and infant formula, genetically modified organisms, maximum limits for residues and other contaminants, process requirements to prevent and deal with food safety incidents, labelling requirements including nutrition and health claims and food law enforcement. Where appropriate we have taken into account the perspective of businesses wishing to export to China. You don't need a background related to food, to law or to China to enjoy this book. Readers may include students or researchers with an interest in Chinese or comparative food law, but also public authorities, NGOs or food businesses who wish to better understand or to take inspiration from food law in the People's Republic of China.
This book examines the challenges of sustainably managing and conserving Cordyceps sinensis, a rare species of fungus largely grown in Tibet, currently on the brink of extinction. As one of the most expensive commodities in the world, particularly valued for its medicinal properties in China, the price of Cordyceps has risen by over 900% since the 1970s. This has made it a very lucrative resource for farmers, many of whom are struggling to produce sufficient food to sustain themselves. Naturally, this has led to overharvesting and, coupled with the impacts of climate change, the crop itself is now at risk. Rarely discussed in Western literature, this book provides a novel examination of Cordyceps, looking into the necessary changes needed to sustainably manage and conserve this important crop. Drawing on extensive field work conducted in Qinghai-Tibet, the book analyzes the supply chain, identifying key issues around production and considering the role and impact of relevant stakeholders. It discusses the necessary changes needed for a sustainable supply change, particularly to stop long-term overharvesting. The book then discusses the role of policy and the institutional management of this resource in China, as one of the main producers and consumers. It analyzes current policy instruments and argues for a more coherent policy which is better orientated towards conservation and sustainable management, rather than solely market regulation. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of natural resource management, environmental conservation, environmental policy, and sustainable supply chain management.
Exploring the capacity and impact of decentralization within European health care systems, this book examines both the theoretical underpinnings as well as practical experience with decentralization.
"Today Singapore ranks sixth in the world in healthcare outcomes well ahead of many developed countries, including the United States. The results are all the more significant as Singapore spends less on healthcare than any other high-income country, both as measured by fraction of the Gross Domestic Product spent on health and by costs per person. Singapore achieves these results at less than one-fourth the cost of healthcare in the United States and about half that of Western European countries. Government leaders, presidents and prime ministers, finance ministers and ministers of health, policymakers in congress and parliament, public health officials responsible for healthcare systems planning, finance and operations, as well as those working on healthcare issues in universities and think-tanks should know how this system works to achieve affordable excellence."--Publisher's website.
The United States spends billions of dollars annually on social and economic policies aimed at improving the lives of its citizens, but the health consequences associated with these policies are rarely considered. In Making Americans Healthier, a group of multidisciplinary experts shows how social and economic policies seemingly unrelated to medical well-being have dramatic consequences for the health of the American people. Most previous research concerning problems with health and healthcare in the United States has focused narrowly on issues of medical care and insurance coverage, but Making Americans Healthier demonstrates the important health consequences that policymakers overlook in traditional cost-benefit evaluations of social policy. The contributors examine six critical policy areas: civil rights, education, income support, employment, welfare, and neighborhood and housing. Among the important findings in this book, David Cutler and Adriana Lleras-Muney document the robust relationship between educational attainment and health, and estimate that the health benefits of education may exceed even the well-documented financial returns of education. Pamela Herd, James House, and Robert Schoeni discover notable health benefits associated with the Supplemental Security Income Program, which provides financial support for elderly and disabled Americans. George Kaplan, Nalini Ranjit, and Sarah Burgard document a large and unanticipated improvement in the health of African-American women following the enactment of civil rights legislation in the 1960s. Making Americans Healthier presents ground-breaking evidence that the health impact of many social policies is substantial. The important findings in this book pave the way for promising new avenues for intervention and convincingly demonstrate that ultimately social and economic policy is health policy. A Volume in the National Poverty Center Series on Poverty and Public Policy
This report provides a comprehensive assessment of the economic consequences of outdoor air pollution in the coming decades, focusing on the impacts on mortality, morbidity, and changes in crop yields as caused by high concentrations of pollutants.
Food systems around the world face a triple challenge: providing food security and nutrition for a growing global population; supporting livelihoods for those working along the food supply chain; and contributing to environmental sustainability. Better policies hold tremendous promise for making progress in these domains.