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Demographics, pollution, water, air, mercury, disease, cancer, birth defects.
The field of ecosystem health explores the interactions between natural systems, human health, and social organization. As decision makers require a sound, modular approach to environmental management and sustainable development, ecosystem health assessment indicators are increasingly used across any number of applications. The Handbook of Ecologic
The International Joint Commission established the Indicators Implementation Task Force to assist in implementing integrative indicators of Great Lakes Basin ecosystem integrity. This report reviews activities of the Task Force, including its research of Great Lakes databases, technical reviews, and workshop proceedings. It explains the Task Force relationship with the State of the Lakes Ecosystem Conference (SOLEC), and compares the Task Force proposed suite of indicators with the SOLEC suite with regard to desired outcomes related to swimmability, fishability, drinkability, population health, economic viability, & others. The final section includes recommendations regarding data & information management, implementation & development of indicators, and long-term involvement by the Commission. The appendix reviews other initiatives using environmental indicators.
How are the Great Lakes doing and what progress are we making in protecting and restoring them? These are two of the most frequently asked questions about the largest source of surface fresh water in the world. Unfortunately, we do not have simple answers for them. With the tremendous efforts and resources invested in restoration by governments, the private sector, and non-profit organizations in the United States and Canada over the past 40 years, we need to be able to respond much more clearly and definitively in the future. Recognizing this, the International Joint Commission (IJC) through its Science Advisory Board and Water Quality Board initiated a project to put the Great Lakes community in a position to respond. The focus of the work is to identify a limited number of ecosystem indicators especially important to the health of the Great Lakes basin ecosystem and which tell us the most about it. Extensive work has been done over the years to measure the condition of the Lakes as part of the State of the Lakes Ecosystem Conference (SOLEC), and this work will form the basis for many of the indicators. What is being done now is selecting "the fewest that tell us the most." The need for key indicators is even greater now with a new Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (the Agreement) between the United States and Canada. The two countries have determined that we should be able to drink the water, eat the fish, and swim at the beaches. To assess progress toward these goals and the overall condition of the Lakes, the indicators presented in this report are aligned with the chemical, physical and biological integrity framework included in the Agreement. The focus here is on ecological indicators. Indicators for public health will be covered in a separate, but related, report.
In 1990, Congress amended the Great Lakes (GL) Critical Programs Act, also known as the Fed. Water Pollution Control Act, mandating that the EPA and the ATSDR and the GL states submit a research report assessing the harmful human health effects of water pollutants in the GL basin. ATSDR developed the GL Health Effects Research Strategy to identify human populations residing in the GL basin that may be at greater risk of exposure to chemical contaminants, and to help prevent any adverse health effects. This report provides insight into ATSDR efforts to assess the adverse effects of water pollutants in the GL system on the health of people in the GL states.