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Breast cancer was a serious health concern for women living in the United States. The risk of a woman developing breast cancer in her lifetime was one in eight. Through early detection, however, breast cancer could be treated early, potentially increasing the likelihood of survival. Health educators promoted breast self-examination (BSE) and anticipated that by encouraging women to perform BSE at a young age, women would maintain it as a life-long habit. Due to the lack of information about young women and the performance of BSE, this project applied the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TMC) to breast cancer prevention behavior in women ages 18-24 to identify their stage of BSE performance. The TMC suggested that individuals progressed through five to six specific stages as they contemplated behavioral change and it was consistently supported by empirical research on health behaviors (Grimley, Prochaska, Velicer, Blais, and DiClemente, 1994). This project also examined the relationship between stage adoption and Health Belief Model variables identified in the literature on BSE. The goal of this project was to utilize the TMC and the Health Belief Model to assist health educators in tailoring their BSE educational efforts to help young women progress to a higher stage of change.
"The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships of regular performance of breast self-examination to the variables of perceived susceptibility and perceived benefits as operationalized in the Health Belief Model."--Page iv.
Breast self-examination (BSE) has been a successful method in the early detection of breast cancer. In this study a descriptive approach was used to determine the relationship between health beliefs and frequency and proficiency of BSE among Arab women living in the United States. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients revealed no relationship between the major constructs of the HBM scale and the frequency and proficiency of the subjects' practice of BSE.