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In keeping with a congressional mandate (Public Law 104-484) and the Chemical Weapons Convention, the United States is currently destroying its chemical weapons stockpile. The Army must ensure that the chemical demilitarization workforce is protected from the risks of exposure to hazardous chemicals during disposal operations and during and after facility closure. Good industrial practices developed in the chemical and nuclear energy industries and other operations that involve the processing of hazardous materials include workplace monitoring of hazardous species and a systematic occupational health program for monitoring workers' activities and health. In this report, the National Research Council Committee on Review and Evaluation of the Army Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program examines the methods and systems used at JACADS and TOCDF, the two operational facilities, to monitor the concentrations of airborne and condensed-phase chemical agents, agent breakdown products, and other substances of concern. The committee also reviews the occupational health programs at these sites, including their industrial hygiene and occupational medicine components. Finally, it evaluates the nature, quality, and utility of records of workplace chemical monitoring and occupational health programs.
Hazardous Materials Monitoring and Detection Devices Third Edition is designed for a variety of industries. Although primarily written for emergency responders, hazardous materials responders, firefighters, and law enforcement officers, the text applies to a number of other occupations. Persons who work in an industrial facility or who are involved in health and safety, such as industrial hygienists or safety managers, will find this text very helpful. Persons involved in environmental recovery or in other areas where monitoring is used will benefit. This text covers monitors and detection devices for both hazardous materials and weapons of mass destruction (WMD). It also provides these agencieswith a broad spectrum picture of monitoring, one that can help with purchasing decisions and in the implementation of a monitoring strategy. This text covers a wide variety of detection devices, some basic and some advanced. An important part it is how to use these devices tactically and how to interpret the readings. The backbone of the text is the discussion of risk-based response (RBR), which is a common approach to emergency response.Many response agencies follow a risk-based response, and NFPA 472 Standard for Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents includes the recommendation to follow this method. The goal of RBR is to assist the responder in making appropriate decisions regarding response tactics. Hazardous Materials: Monitoring and Detection Devices Third Edition covers the thought process behind RBR, the technology that runs monitoring devices and how they work and, more importantly, when they do not work in order to keep you as safe as possible..
Oil spills can be difficult to manage, with reporting frequently delayed. Too often, by the time responders arrive at the scene, the slick has moved, dissolved, dispersed or sunk. This Oil Spill Monitoring Handbook provides practical advice on what information is likely required following the accidental release of oil or other petroleum-based products into the marine environment. The book focuses on response phase monitoring for maritime spills, otherwise known as Type I or operational monitoring. Response phase monitoring tries to address the questions – what? where? when? how? how much? – that assist responders to find, track, predict and clean up spills, and to assess their efforts. Oil spills often occur in remote, sensitive and logistically difficult locations, often in adverse weather, and the oil can change character and location over time. An effective response requires robust information provided by monitoring, observation, sampling and science. The Oil Spill Monitoring Handbook completely updates the Australian Maritime Safety Authority’s 2003 edition of the same name, taking into account the latest scientific advances in physical, chemical and biological monitoring, many of which have evolved as a consequence of major oil spill disasters in the last decade. It includes sections on the chemical properties of oil, the toxicological impacts of oil exposure, and the impacts of oil exposure on different marine habitats with relevance to Australia and elsewhere. An overview is provided on how monitoring integrates with the oil spill response process, the response organisation, the use of decision-support tools such as net environmental benefit analysis, and some of the most commonly used response technologies. Throughout the text, examples are given of lessons learned from previous oil spill incidents and responses, both local and international. General guidance of spill monitoring approaches and technologies is augmented with in-depth discussion on both response phase and post-response phase monitoring design and delivery. Finally, a set of appendices delivers detailed standard operating procedures for practical observation, sample and data collection. The Oil Spill Monitoring Handbook is essential reading for scientists within the oil industry and environmental and government agencies; individuals with responder roles in industry and government; environmental and ecological monitoring agencies and consultants; and members of the maritime sector in Australia and abroad, including officers in ports, shipping and terminals.