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Georg Cantor, the founder of set theory, published his last paper on sets in 1897. In 1900, David Hilbert made Cantor's Continuum Problem and the challenge of well-ordering the real numbers the first problem in his famous Paris lecture. It was time for the appearance of the second generation of Cantorians. They emerged in the decade 1900-1909, and foremost among them were Ernst Zermelo and Felix Hausdorff. Zermelo isolated the Choice Principle, proved that every set could be well-ordered, and axiomatized the concept of set. He became the father of abstract set theory. Hausdorff eschewed foundations and pursued set theory as part of the mathematical arsenal. He was recognized as the era's leading Cantorian. From 1901-1909, Hausdorff published seven articles in which he created a representation theory for ordered sets and investigated sets of real sequences partially ordered by eventual dominance, together with their maximally ordered subsets. These papers are translated and appear in this volume. Each is accompanied by an introductory essay. These highly accessible works are of historical significance, not only for set theory, but also for model theory, analysis and algebra.
This work is a translation into English of the Third Edition of the classic German language work Mengenlehre by Felix Hausdorff published in 1937. From the Preface (1937): “The present book has as its purpose an exposition of the most important theorems of the theory of sets, along with complete proofs, so that the reader should not find it necessary to go outside this book for supplementary details while, on the other hand, the book should enable him to undertake a more detailed study of the voluminous literature on the subject. The book does not presuppose any mathematical knowledge beyond the differential and integral calculus, but it does require a certain maturity in abstract reasoning; qualified college seniors and first year graduate students should have no difficulty in making the material their own … The mathematician will … find in this book some things that will be new to him, at least as regards formal presentation and, in particular, as regards the strengthening of theorems, the simplification of proofs, and the removal of unnecessary hypotheses.”
This unique book on modern topology looks well beyond traditional treatises and explores spaces that may, but need not, be Hausdorff. This is essential for domain theory, the cornerstone of semantics of computer languages, where the Scott topology is almost never Hausdorff. For the first time in a single volume, this book covers basic material on metric and topological spaces, advanced material on complete partial orders, Stone duality, stable compactness, quasi-metric spaces and much more. An early chapter on metric spaces serves as an invitation to the topic (continuity, limits, compactness, completeness) and forms a complete introductory course by itself. Graduate students and researchers alike will enjoy exploring this treasure trove of results. Full proofs are given, as well as motivating ideas, clear explanations, illuminating examples, application exercises and some more challenging problems for more advanced readers.
The textbook literature on ordered sets is still rather limited. A lot of material is presented in this book that appears now for the first time in a textbook. Order theory works with combinatorial and set-theoretical methods, depending on whether the sets under consideration are finite or infinite. In this book the set-theoretical parts prevail. The book treats in detail lexicographic products and their connections with universally ordered sets, and further it gives thorough investigations on the structure of power sets. Other topics dealt with include dimension theory of ordered sets, well-quasi-ordered sets, trees, combinatorial set theory for ordered sets, comparison of order types, and comparibility graphs. Audience This book is intended for mathematics students and for mathemeticians who are interested in set theory. Only some fundamental parts of naïve set theory are presupposed. Since all proofs are worked out in great detail, the book should be suitable as a text for a course on order theory.
Over 140 examples, preceded by a succinct exposition of general topology and basic terminology. Each example treated as a whole. Numerous problems and exercises correlated with examples. 1978 edition. Bibliography.
Set theory is an autonomous and sophisticated field of mathematics that is extremely successful at analyzing mathematical propositions and gauging their consistency strength. It is as a field of mathematics that both proceeds with its own internal questions and is capable of contextualizing over a broad range, which makes set theory an intriguing and highly distinctive subject. This handbook covers the rich history of scientific turning points in set theory, providing fresh insights and points of view. Written by leading researchers in the field, both this volume and the Handbook as a whole are definitive reference tools for senior undergraduates, graduate students and researchers in mathematics, the history of philosophy, and any discipline such as computer science, cognitive psychology, and artificial intelligence, for whom the historical background of his or her work is a salient consideration - Serves as a singular contribution to the intellectual history of the 20th century - Contains the latest scholarly discoveries and interpretative insights
In this book, many ideas by Felix Hausdorff are described and contemporary mathematical theories stemming from them are sketched.
The twenty-six papers in this volume reflect the wide and still expanding range of Anil Nerode's work. A conference on Logical Methods was held in honor of Nerode's sixtieth birthday (4 June 1992) at the Mathematical Sciences Institute, Cornell University, 1-3 June 1992. Some of the conference papers are here, but others are from students, co-workers and other colleagues. The intention of the conference was to look forward, and to see the directions currently being pursued, in the development of work by, or with, Nerode. Here is a brief summary of the contents of this book. We give a retrospective view of Nerode's work. A number of specific areas are readily discerned: recursive equivalence types, recursive algebra and model theory, the theory of Turing degrees and r.e. sets, polynomial-time computability and computer science. Nerode began with automata theory and has also taken a keen interest in the history of mathematics. All these areas are represented. The one area missing is Nerode's applied mathematical work relating to the environment. Kozen's paper builds on Nerode's early work on automata. Recursive equivalence types are covered by Dekker and Barback, the latter using directly a fundamental metatheorem of Nerode. Recursive algebra is treated by Ge & Richards (group representations). Recursive model theory is the subject of papers by Hird, Moses, and Khoussainov & Dadajanov, while a combinatorial problem in recursive model theory is discussed in Cherlin & Martin's paper. Cenzer presents a paper on recursive dynamics.
When it was first published this was the first general account of Hausdorff measures, a subject that has important applications in many fields of mathematics. There are three chapters: the first contains an introduction to measure theory, paying particular attention to the study of non-s-finite measures. The second develops the most general aspects of the theory of Hausdorff measures, and the third gives a general survey of applications of Hausdorff measures followed by detailed accounts of two special applications. This edition has a foreword by Kenneth Falconer outlining the developments in measure theory since this book first appeared. Based on lectures given by the author at University College London, this book is ideal for graduate mathematicians with no previous knowledge of the subject, but experts in the field will also want a copy for their shelves.