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Chemical Technology is based on lectures the author gave at the Technische Hochschule of Karlsruhe and at the University of Freiburg. Part 1 of this book deals with chemical technology and describes subjects dealing with apparatus, unit operations, and chemical economics. The text reviews industrial chemical reactions, raw materials preparation for reaction, thermal and catalytic processes, and a history of chemical technology. This part also addresses transportation, storage of raw materials, and the design and construction of a chemical factory. Part 2 concerns special chemical technology, including topics such as raw material upgrading; processing of products in the chemical industry; and unit processes application toward consumer goods production. This part reviews materials sourcing from animals, minerals, and vegetables, such as processing of products from living organisms, the recovery of sugar, starch, and other carbohydrates. The book also reviews products of the chemical industry including low-molecular weight consumer goods, detergents, aromas, explosives, plastics, elastomers, synthetic leather, textile, and some building materials. Chemistry students, chemical and process technology students, and mechanical engineering students with interest in chemistry will find this book valuable.
The Biology and Utilization of Grasses reviews current knowledge about grass biology, and it highlights the important role of grasses in human existence. It discusses many fundamental aspects of grass biology, including evolution and genetics, morphology, physiology, and ecology, with emphasis on the relationship of these basic concepts to the use of grasses for forage, turf, and rangelands. Comprised of 28 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the evolution and genetics of the grass family, followed by a discussion on practical grass-breeding problems. The reader is also introduced to vegetative growth and development of seedlings and mature plants; the ecological aspects of grasses; soils and mineral nutrition in relation to grass growth; the effects of defoliation (moving or grazing); carbohydrate reserves; physiology of flowering; and grass seed production and culture treatments. Other chapters consider the role of polyploidy in the evolution and distribution of grasses; selection and breeding of grasses for forage and other uses; seedling vigor and seedling establishment; environmental modification for seedling establishment; the microclimate of grass communities; effects on turf grass of cultural practices in relation to microclimate; and competition within the grass community. This book will be of benefit to plant breeders, ecologists, botanists, and biologists.
Plant Biochemistry focuses on the biological processes involved in plants, particularly noting metabolism, electron transport, biogenesis, and germination. The manuscript first offers information on the substructures and subfunctions of plant cell, including cell and subcell, enzymes, ribosomes, nucleus, cellular membranes, mitochondria and electron transport, chloroplast, and the substructure and function of the cell wall. The text then elaborates on basic metabolism. Enzymology, the path of carbon in respiratory metabolism, mono- and oligosaccharides, starch, insulin, and other reserve polysaccharides, and the biogenesis of the cell wall are discussed. The publication explains plant metabolism and control. Discussions focus on plant acids, alkaloid biogenesis, coumarins, phenylpropanes, and lignin, ethylene and polyacetylenes, steroids, and seed development and germination. The book is a valuable source of information for students or professional workers in the plant sciences.
Photophysiology, Volume II: Action of Light on Animals and Microorganisms; Photobiochemical Mechanisms; Bioluminescence presents the effects of light upon animals and microorganisms. This book discusses the fundamental photobiochemical mechanisms underlying some of the effects of light. Organized into 10 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the periodic functions of animals that can be manipulated by photoperiod. This text then examines the biosynthetic relationships between proteins and nucleic acids, which have been explored in part by observing the inactivating and reactivating effects of UV and visible light. Other chapters consider the physical factors that limit the performance of the eye to exact information about the environment from the light that reaches an animal. This book discusses as well the various anatomical and physiological features of the eye in relation to its limits. The final chapter deals with the occurrence of bioluminescence in nature. This book is a valuable resource for biologists, physiologists, and scientists.