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Perhaps the contributions of South American archaeology to the larger field of world archaeology have been inadequately recognized. If so, this is probably because there have been relatively few archaeologists working in South America outside of Peru and recent advances in knowledge in other parts of the continent are only beginning to enter larger archaeological discourse. Many ideas of and about South American archaeology held by scholars from outside the area are going to change irrevocably with the appearance of the present volume. Not only does the Handbook of South American Archaeology (HSAA) provide immense and broad information about ancient South America, the volume also showcases the contributions made by South Americans to social theory. Moreover, one of the merits of this volume is that about half the authors (30) are South Americans, and the bibliographies in their chapters will be especially useful guides to Spanish and Portuguese literature as well as to the latest research. It is inevitable that the HSAA will be compared with the multi-volume Handbook of South American Indians (HSAI), with its detailed descriptions of indigenous peoples of South America, that was organized and edited by Julian Steward. Although there are heroic archaeological essays in the HSAI, by the likes of Junius Bird, Gordon Willey, John Rowe, and John Murra, Steward states frankly in his introduction to Volume Two that “arch- ology is included by way of background” to the ethnographic chapters.
Excerpt from Handbook of South American Indians, Vol. 1: The Marginal Tribes A developing sense of internationalism in the Western Hemisphere has brought increased recognition of the importance of the indigenous American civilizations and their survival among millions of present day peoples. It has simultaneously emphasized the need for a more complete understanding of how these civilizations developed during prehistoric eras and how, after the Conquest, they blended with Euro pean culture to produce modern societies which are neither wholly Indian nor wholly European. The task of revealing these long chap ters of American history is truly a pan-american one, requiring the assembly of thousands of local fragments from throughout the Hemi sphere. Scientists of the American Republics have consequently long urged that more effective means be found of pooling and exchanging their information, while teachers and students have pleaded that the materials be published in convenient form. It has particularly been felt that information on the great South American civilizations, which left so deep an imprint on modern life, should be made generally available to scholars and laymen alike, for present sources on South American Indians are published in so many languages and places and frequently have such limited availability that no one could have access to more than a fraction of the literature. No comprehensive general work on the subject exists, and none has even been attempted, because the task has such magnitude that it could only be accomplished by the joint effort of a large number of specialists. As the need for a comprehensive Handbook of South American Indians became more acute, the National Research Council, stimulated by the late Baron Erland Nordensk'iold, in 1932 appointed a committee consisting of Dr. Robert H. Lowie, Dr. John M. Cooper, and Dr. Leslie Spier to explore the possibilities of preparing one. This committee, subsequently expanded to include other anthropologists with a special interest in South America, prepared a statement Of the kind of work that was needed. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Presents a cultural ethnography and a guide to the forest birds of southern Chile and Argentina. This title includes entries on fifty bird species, such as the Magellanic Woodpecker, Rufous-Legged Owl, Ringed Kingfisher, Buff-Necked Ibis, Giant Hummingbird, and Andean Condor.
The subject of missions-formal efforts at religious conversion of native peoples of the Americas by colonizing powers-is one that renders the modern student a bit uncomfortable. Where the mission enterprise was actuated by true belief it strikes the modern sensibility as fanaticism; where it sprang from territorial or economic motives it seems the rankest sort of hypocrisy. That both elements-greed and real faith-were usually present at the same time is bewildering. In this book seven scholars attempt to create a "new" mission history that deals honestly with the actions and philosophic motivations of the missionaries, both as individuals and organizations and as agents of secular powers, and with the experiences and reactions of the indigenous peoples, including their strategies of accommodation, co-optation, and resistance. The new mission historians examine cases from throughout the hemisphere-from the Andes to northern Mexico to California-in an effort to find patterns in the contact between the European missionaries and the various societies they encountered. Erick Langer is associate professor of history at Carnegie Mellon University. He is the author of Economic Change and Rural Resistance in Southern Bolivia, 1880-1930 and editor, with Zulema Bass Werner de Ruiz, of Historia de Tarija: Corpus Documental. Robert H. Jackson is the author of Indian Population Decline: The Missions of Northwestern New Spain, 1687-1840 and Regional Markets and the Agrarian Transformation in Bolivia Cochabamba, 1539-1960. He is an assistant professor in the Department of History and Geography at Texas Southern University.