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Organic–inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskite materials have attracted significant attention due to their advantages of low cost, tunable band gap, solution processing, high molar extinction coefficient, low exciton binding energy, and high carrier mobility. Perovskite absorber layers play a decisive role in the realization of high-power conversion efficiency in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This book systematically and comprehensively discusses device structures, working principles, and optimization strategies of perovskite absorber layers for PSCs to help foster commercialization of these environmentally friendly power sources. It describes strategies to optimize the quality of perovskite films, including composition engineering, dimensional engineering, solvent engineering, strain engineering, additive engineering, and interface engineering. This volume: Introduces crystal structures of perovskites, configurations of PSCs, and their working principles Discusses the modulation of perovskite compositions and dimensionality towards highly stable and efficient perovskite photovoltaics Details the advancements of low-dimensional PSCs including phase stability of perovskite films and strategies for modulating phases Summarizes progress in solvent engineering, additive engineering, and strain engineering in efficient and scalable perovskite photovoltaics Describes the complex crystallization dynamics of perovskites, interface engineering, and synergistic modulation of grain boundaries and interfaces in PSCs Highlights advances in ion migration and mitigation in halide perovskite solar cells and origins and elimination of hysteresis This book is aimed at researchers, advanced students, and industry professionals in materials, energy, and related areas of engineering who are interested in development and commercialization of photovoltaic technologies.
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as one of the most promising new solar cells, with strong commercial potential. Several challenges remain before PSCs can be released in wide-scale commercial application. This book highlights the opportunities, advancements, and critical challenges involved in the commercial application of PSCs. It discusses large area fabrication, long-term stability, lead management, encapsulation techniques, as well as a commercial roadmap and current and future trends. This volume: Details the importance of lead management strategies to minimize toxicity. Shares progress on photon management. Discusses advances and challenges in enlarging perovskite use and the key factors restraining upscaling. Highlights issues around long-term stability of PSCs. Summarizes commercial advances around the industrialization of PSCs. This book is aimed at researchers, advanced students, and industry professionals in materials, energy, and related areas of engineering who are interested in development and commercialization of photovoltaic technologies.
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received significant attention in academia and industry due to their low cost and high-power conversion efficiency (PCE). Single- and multijunction PSCs have obtained promising certified PCEs, which suggests that PSCs are a very promising next-generation photovoltaic technology. In addition to the perovskite absorber layer, other functional layers, including electron transport layer (ETL), hole transport layer (HTL), and electrode layer (EL), have also made huge contributions to enhancing device performance. This book focuses on the development, advancement, and application of these functional layers in various PSCs. This volume: Introduces ETL, HTL, and EL in efficient and stable PSCs. Covers material properties. Discusses a wide variety of PSCs including single-crystal PSCs, flexible PSCs, perovskite tandem solar cells, lead-free PSCs, inorganic PSCs, fully printable mesoscopic PSCs, electron/hole-transport-layer-free PSCs, semitransparent PSCs for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), tandem solar cells, perovskite indoor photovoltaics, and inverted PSCs. Details potential for commercial application. This book is aimed at researchers, advanced students, and industry professionals in materials, energy, and related areas of engineering who are interested in development and commercialization of photovoltaic technologies.
Perovskite Photovoltaics: Basic to Advanced Concepts and Implementation examines the emergence of perovskite photovoltaics, associated challenges and opportunities, and how to achieve broader development. Consolidating developments in perovskite photovoltaics, including recent progress solar cells, this text also highlights advances and the research necessary for sustaining energy. Addressing different photovoltaics fields with tailored content for what makes perovskite solar cells suitable, and including commercialization examples of large-scale perovskite solar technology. The book also contains a detailed analysis of the implementation and economic viability of perovskite solar cells, highlighting what photovoltaic devices need to be generated by low cost, non-toxic, earth abundant materials using environmentally scalable processes. This book is a valuable resource engineers, scientists and researchers, and all those who wish to broaden their knowledge on flexible perovskite solar cells. - Includes contributions by leading solar cell academics, industrialists, researchers and institutions across the globe - Addresses different photovoltaics fields with tailored content for what makes perovskite solar cells different - Provides commercialization examples of large-scale perovskite solar technology, giving users detailed analysis on the implementation, technical challenges and economic viability of perovskite solar cells
Organic (opto)electronic materials have received considerable attention due to their applications in perovskite and flexible electronics, OPVs and OLEDs and many others. Reflecting the rapid growth in research and development of organic (opto)electronic materials over the last few decades, this book provides a comprehensive coverage of the state of the art in an accessible format. It presents the most widely recognized fundamentals, principles, and mechanisms along with representative examples, key experimental data, and over 200 illustrative figures.
This 4th edition of Handbook of Solvents, Volume 1, contains the most recent findings and trends in solvent applications. It is a comprehensive survey of the science of solvents and their properties, covering all aspects of solvent behavior that are relevant to their use in chemical and related industries including agricultural and technical processes, inorganic synthesis and materials chemistry, and more. Divided into two volumes, this first volume covers high-level information on the physical chemical properties of the most relevant solvent systems. Each chapter is focused on a specific aspect of solvent properties that determine its selection, such as the effect on properties of solutes and solutions, properties of different groups of solvents, and the summary of their applications' effect on health and the environment (given in tabulated form). Also covered is swelling of solids in solvents, solvent diffusion and drying processes, nature of the interaction of solvent and solute in solutions, acid-base interactions, the effect of solvents on spectral and other electronic properties of solutions, the effect of solvents on the rheology of the solution, aggregation of solutes, permeability, molecular structure, crystallinity, configuration, conformation of dissolved high molecular weight compounds, and the effect of solvents on chemical reactions and reactivity of dissolved substances. With insight from specialists in a broad array of different areas and written with an interdisciplinary audience in mind, this thoroughly revised 4th edition provides readers with a complete overview of all the organic solvents available for industrial applications today. The book contains numerous references to key sources of more detailed information, and together with Handbook of Solvents Volume 2: Use, Health, and Environment; Databook of Green Solvents; and Databook of Solvents, represents the most comprehensive and up-to-date information ever published on solvents. - Provides key insights that will help engineers and scientists select the best solvent for the job - Includes practical information and ideas on how to improve existing processes involving solvents - Presents the latest advances in solvent technology and their applications
The increasing use of metal halide perovskites as light harvesters has stunned the photovoltaic community. The book, Perovskite Solar Cells: Technology and Practices, covers the basics and provides up-to-date research in the field of perovskite photovoltaics—a fast trending branch of the thin film photovoltaic generation. This comprehensive handbook provides a broad and overall picture of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), starting with the history of development and revolution of PSCs. The authors then delve into electron-transporting materials, hole-transporting materials, and lead-free alternatives. An important chapter on tandem solar cells is also included. The chapters discuss how different layers in PSCs are fabricated and function and how their roles are as important as the perovskite layer itself. It explores what has been done and what can probably be done to further improve the performance of this device.
Provides a comprehensive survey of fundamental concepts and methods for optoelectronic device modeling and simulation. Gives a broad overview of concepts with concise explanations illustrated by real results. Compares different levels of modeling, from simple analytical models to complex numerical models. Discusses practical methods of model validation. Includes an overview of numerical techniques.
Unparalleled coverage of the most vibrant research field in photovoltaics! Hybrid perovskites, revolutionary game-changing semiconductor materials, have every favorable optoelectronic characteristic necessary for realizing high efficiency solar cells. The remarkable features of hybrid perovskite photovoltaics, such as superior material properties, easy material fabrication by solution-based processing, large-area device fabrication by an inkjet technology, and simple solar cell structures, have brought enormous attentions, leading to a rapid development of the solar cell technology at a pace never before seen in solar cell history. Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells: Characteristics and Operation covers extensive topics of hybrid perovskite solar cells, providing easy-to-read descriptions for the fundamental characteristics of unique hybrid perovskite materials (Part I) as well as the principles and applications of hybrid perovskite solar cells (Part II). Both basic and advanced concepts of hybrid perovskite devices are treated thoroughly in this book; in particular, explanatory descriptions for general physical and chemical aspects of hybrid perovskite photovoltaics are included to provide fundamental understanding. This comprehensive book is highly suitable for graduate school students and researchers who are not familiar with hybrid perovskite materials and devices, allowing the accumulation of the accurate knowledge from the basic to the advanced levels.
Dieses wichtige Referenzwerk behandelt die grundlegenden Konzepte der Photoleitfähigkeit und der photoleitenden Materialien. Mit Photoconductivity and Photoconductive Materials präsentiert Professor Kasap eine maßgebliche Zusammenstellung der wesentlichen Grundsätze der Photoleitfähigkeit und stellt eine Auswahl aktueller photoleitfähiger Materialien vor. Der erste Band des zweibändigen Werks beginnt mit einer Darstellung der grundlegenden Konzepte und Definitionen. Es folgt eine Charakterisierung der verschiedenen Techniken auf Grundlage von stationärer, transienter und modulierter Photoleitfähigkeit, u.a. der neuen Methode der Ladungsextraktion durch linear steigende Spannung (CELIV). Auch die Physik der Terahertz-Photoleitfähigkeit sowie die Grundlagen der organischen Halbleiter LSoI werden behandelt. Der zweite Band beginnt mit einem umfassenden Überblick über eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher photoleitfähiger Materialien, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf einige der wichtigsten Photoleiter gelegt wird, darunter hydriertes amorphes Silizium, Cadmium-Quecksilber-Tellurid, verschiedene Röntgenphotoleiter, Diamantfilme, Metallhalogenidperowskite, Nanodrähte und Quantenpunkte. Auch die Anwendungen der photoleitenden Antenne werden erörtert. Das Werk, das zahlreiche Beiträge führender Autoren auf diesem Fachgebiet enthält, bietet den Leserinnen und Lesern außerdem: * Eine gründliche Einführung in die Charakterisierung von Halbleitern mit Hilfe von Techniken der Photoleitfähigkeit, insbesondere gleichmäßiger Beleuchtung und Phototräger-Gittertechniken * Eine umfassende Darstellung organischer Photoleiter mitsamt Informationen zu Photoerzeugung, Transport und Anwendungen im Druckbereich * Praktische Erörterungen der transienten Lichtleitfähigkeit im Flugzeitverfahren inklusive Experimentiertechniken und Interpretationshinweisen * Eine eingehende Betrachtung der transienten Photoleitfähigkeit organischer Halbleiterschichten und neuartiger Techniken der transienten Photoleitfähigkeit Photoconductivity and Photoconductive Materials ist nicht nur ein wichtiges Referenzwerk für Physiker in der Forschung, Materialwissenschaftler und Elektroingenieure, sondern auch ein unverzichtbares Nachschlagewerk für Doktoranden und Studierende höherer Semester, die sich mit dem Bereich der optoelektronischen Materialien beschäftigen, sowie für Forschende in der Industrie. * Ein umfassendes zweibändiges Werk mit Beiträgen führender Fachautoren, herausgegeben von einem angesehenen Forscher auf dem Gebiet der Photoleitfähigkeit