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Hamas' Benefactors

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on the Middle East and North Africa

Published: 2014

Total Pages: 100


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This book offers a new understanding of the nature of power-seeking insurgent groups by empirically examining the use of violence by Hamas in the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict. Though Hamas has learned to ride the tides of popular support, it remains suspended between its quest to achieve the values of its ardent supporters (reclamation of land through force) and the desire to grow popular support. This tension is reflected in how and when the group exercises violent resistance. The theoretical framework applied in this volume provides a simple construct to understand the dynamics that result in use and non-use of violence under changing environmental conditions by Hamas, but could be applied more broadly to other power-seeking insurgent groups, including ISIL. The book weaves together the dynamics between violent actions and internal and external influences on Hamas, including: expressed values of the group, Palestinian popular support measures, leaders’ personalities and innovation (weapons and tactics), Israeli influence and targeted killings, peace processes and conflicts in Gaza, Syria, Iraq and Egypt. With newly assembled datasets on Hamas’ violent acts and public statements, Israeli Targeted Killings, historical measures of popular support and extensive field interviews, the book offers a fresh perspective on insurgent group violence by demonstrating under what conditions the group exercises violence or refrains from doing so. This book will be of much interest to both policy makers and students of the Arab-Israeli conflict, political violence, Middle Eastern politics, security studies and international relations in general.
I- Hamas: A Conceptual Approach II- Hamas and Rule of Politics III- Early Roots: Rise of an Islamic Movement IV- Hamas and the Development of an Integrated Structure V- The Izz al-Ddin al-Qassam Brigades VI- The Islamic Social Sector in Gaza VII- Israeli “Anti-Literature” VIII- Destroying the “Tunnel Economy” IX- Hamas and “Mainstream Literature” X- Gaza “Uninhabitable” by 2020 XI- “Getting Hamas through the People” XII- Hamas and Inter-Palestinian Relations XIII- Financial Dire Straits XIV- Hamas and its “Regional Outlook” XV- Hamas Relations with World Countries XVI- Futuristic Scenarios
Terrorist attacks occur daily and are increasingly being aimed at civilian populations around the world. Battlefield lines have been redrawn to include churches, schools, hospitals, and malls. This breach of moral boundary is shocking and invokes fear—two primary goals of terrorism. Although there is an increase in soft target activity—or attacks on places of worship, study, and leisure—there is hesitation to explore such susceptibility in the United States. Soft Target Hardening: Protecting People from Attack starts the national dialogue by providing case studies, best practices, and methodologies for identifying soft target vulnerabilities and reducing risk in the US. Offering deterrence and mitigation techniques from more than 275 sources, this comprehensive book: Explores US cultural nuances contributing to the country turning a psychological blind eye toward soft target threats Assesses the attractiveness of soft target threats presented by foreign and domestic terror groups and drug trafficking organizations Analyzes the unique vulnerabilities of churches, schools, hospitals, malls, sporting and recreational events, and other soft targets Gives an overview of soft target hardening tactics from global hotspots, including first-person accounts and photographs Introduces the concept of effects-based hardening, derived from the military model of effects-based operations Discusses emerging soft target challenges such as insider threats, kidnapping, and use of human shields Evaluates the likelihood of the use of weapons of mass destruction against civilian-centric venues Soft Target Hardening: Protecting People from Attack is a must read for those who secure, own, and operate soft target facilities, and for citizens who want to protect themselves and their families from attack.
Volume 106 of Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents, Terrorist Financing and Money Laundering, guides readers through the complex legal terrain of terrorist financing and money-laundering. Researchers will benefit from the diversity of this volume's selection: from U.S. agency reports on how to implement the recommendations of the 9/11 Commission to the efforts of the European Parliament in seizing assets to two perspectives on how well Saudi Arabia is combating terrorist financing within its borders: the U.S. perspective and the perspective of Saudi Arabia itself. Equally important for researchers is this volume's extensive treatment of U.N. measures on terrorist financing and money laundering. The volume concludes with the full text of the model rules for regulating terrorism-related financial transactions, as promulgated by a joint body of the U.N. and the International Monetary Fund.
Volume 106 of Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents, Terrorist Financing and Money Laundering, guides readers through the complex legal terrain of terrorist financing and money-laundering. Researchers will benefit from the diversity of this volume's selection: from U.S. agency reports on how to implement the recommendations of the 9/11 Commission to the efforts of the European Parliament in seizing assets to two perspectives on how well Saudi Arabia is combating terrorist financing within its borders: the U.S. perspective and the perspective of Saudi Arabia itself. Equally important for researchers is this volume's extensive treatment of U.N. measures on terrorist financing and money laundering. The volume concludes with the full text of the model rules for regulating terrorism-related financial transactions, as promulgated by a joint body of the U.N. and the International Monetary Fund.
This book offers a nuanced and muti-layered approach towards comprehending the possibilities of democratization or likelihood of authoritarian resilience in the Muslim world. The volume highlights the complex diversity within Islamist movements and parties— characterised by internal tensions, struggles and contestations. The very existence of this diversity within and among Islamist movements, and their general willingness to partake in mainstream politics, signals an important transformation in the Muslim world over recent decades. It demonstrates that the Muslim world has gravitated from the simplistic focus on the compatibility or incompatibility of Islam and democracy. Islamist movements and parties embody the multiple manifestations and trajectories within political Islam. The granular case-studies and theological analyses in this volume draw attention to the policy refinements, socio-political reforms and ideological transformations engendered by Muslim intellectuals and Islamist movements and ideologues. The diverse political landscape in the Muslim world is inextricably linked to the socio-political and theological shifts within Islamism—in particular, the yearning for greater social, economic and political justice, a yearning that lies at the core of an inclusive wasatiyyah Islam.
This book explores the global jihad movement and its emergence in the latter half of the twentieth century. Roshandel and Chadha investigate the nature and extent of this threat, tracing its religious and ideological roots, relevant history, and its goals.
Covers the origin, development, and results of all major national security policies over the last seven decades. A thoroughly interdisciplinary work, the encyclopedia views national security from a historical, economic, political, and technological perspective.
Reliable figures on the amount of money originating in or passing through Saudi Arabia (SA) and ending up in terrorist hands generally are difficult to obtain, for several reasons: (1) The small amounts of money required for terrorist acts can easily pass unnoticed; (2) The structure of the SA financial system makes financial transfers difficult to trace; (3) Muslim charitable contributions are often given anonymously. This 2007 report reviews allegations of SA involvement in terrorist financing together with SA rebuttals, discusses the question of SA support for Palestinian org. and religious charities abroad, discusses steps taken by SA to counter terrorist financing, and suggests implications of recent Saudi actions for the war on terrorism.