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This book begins with a brief historical review of the early applications of standard dispersion relations in particle physics. It then presents the modern perspective within the Standard Model, emphasizing the relation of analyticity together with alternative tools applied to strong interactions, such as perturbative and lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD), as well as chiral perturbation theory. The core of the book argues that, in order to improve the prediction of specific hadronic observables, it is often necessary to resort to methods of complex analysis more sophisticated than the simple Cauchy integral. Accordingly, a separate mathematical chapter is devoted to solving several functional analysis optimization problems. Their applications to physical amplitudes and form factors are discussed in the following chapters, which also demonstrate how to merge the analytic approach with statistical analysis tools. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable guide for researchers working in precision hadronic physics, as well as graduate students who are new to the field.
This volume contains the invited and contributed papers presented at the Fourth International Conference on Perspectives in Hadronic Physics and sent to the Editors within the deadline. The Conference was held at the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy, from May 12th to 16th, 2003, and was attended by about 100 scientists from 20 countries. The series ofConferences on Perspectives on Hadronic Physics takes place every two years since 1997 and follows the seven Workshops on Perspectives in Nuclear Physics at Intermediate Energies, organized every two years at ICTP since 1983. The aim of these Conferences is to discuss the status-of-the-art concerning the experimental and theoretical investigations of hadronic systems, from nucleons to nuclei and dense nuclear matter, in terms of the relevant underlying degrees of freedom. For such a reason the Fourth Conference has been focused on those experimental and theoretical topics which have been in the last few years the object of intensive investigations, viz. the various approaches employed to describe the structure of hadrons in terms of QCD and QCD inspired models, the recent developments in the treatment of the properties and propagations of hadronic states in the medium, the relevant progress done in the solution of the few- and many- hadron problems, the recent results in the experimental investigation of dense hadronic matter and, last but not least, the physics programs of existing Laboratories and the suggested projects for new Facilities.
Straddling the traditional disciplines of nuclear and particle physics, hadron physics is a vital and extremely active research area, as evidenced by a 2004 Nobel prize and new research facilities, such as that scheduled to open at CERN. Scientifically it is of vital importance in extrapolating our knowledge of quark-gluon physics at the sub-nucleon level to provide a wider perspective of strongly interacting hadrons, which make up the vast bulk of known matter in the Universe. Through detailed, pedagogical chapters contributed by key international experts, Hadron Physics maps out our contemporary knowledge of the subject. It covers both the theoretical and experimental aspects of hadron structure and properties along with a wide range of specific research topics, results, and applications. Providing a full picture of activity in the field, the book highlights three particular areas of current research: computational lattice hadron physics, the structure and dynamics of hadrons, and generalized parton distributions. It provides a solid introduction, includes background theory, and presents the current state of understanding of the subject.
- Several of the authors give elementary introductions that lead to some duplication. This we believe is a positive feature since each author presents a different viewpoint emphasizing the particular topic of that chapter - The topics chosen are the closest Lattice QCD comes to more conventional particle and nuclear physics - The numerical results presented in the various chapters are most up-to-date
Particle and nuclear physicists frequently take results from Lattice QCD at their face value without probing into their reliability or sophistication. This attitude usually stems from a lack of knowledge of the field. The aim of the present volume is to rectify this by introducing in an elementary way several topics, which we believe are appropriate for, and of possible interest to, both particle and nuclear physicists who are non-experts in the field.
The study of QCD in the confinement regime poses some of the most difficult problems of fundamental physics at present. The mechanism of confinement itself is not described formally, and it is hard to investigate the properties of the fundamental theory in the determination of the structures and interactions of hadronic systems. The strong coupling and the extreme non-linearity of the theory severely limit the applicability and the extension and generalization of models and methods. The area of particle/nuclear physics called Hadron Physics deals with the phenomena determined by the confinement regime of QCD.The International Workshop on Hadron Physics 98 aimed to provide a framework for the comparative evaluation of different approaches to the difficult problems of QCD, and gathered together experts who have been leading developments in hadronic physics in recent years. As a central feature of the workshop program, there were four sets of lectures: (1) “An Introduction to Effective Field Theory” (J F Donoghue); (2) “Non-perturbative QCD” (A Di Giacomo); (3) “Diffraction: Past, Present and Future” (E Predazzi); “QCD at High Temperature and Density” (T Hatsuda). These courses provided a pedagogical and updated account of the recent developments that gave support to the discussion of frontier research problems. The lecturers did very useful work in the review and description of important lines of research.The lectures are reproduced in this book, together with invited talks and contributed papers dealing with specific research problems, for the use and appreciation of a wider audience.
The study of QCD in the confinement regime poses some of the most difficult problems of fundamental physics at present. The mechanism of confinement is not yet understood, and it is hard to investigate the properties of the fundamental theory in the determination of the structures and interactions of hadronic systems. As a consequence of these difficulties, the frontier between effective and fundamental theories has been intensively investigated in the last few years, and progress has been achieved in several directions. The 'Hadron Physics' workshop gathered together experts who have been taking the lead in these developments in recent years. Four sets of lectures were presented, providing a pedagogical and updated basis that gives support to research work in frontier problems. This book puts together the main current methods in the study of the properties of hadrons. The perspective of future developments based on different approaches can then be more clearly perceived.
Lattice Hadron Physics draws upon the developments made in recent years in implementing chirality on the lattice via the overlap formalism. These developments exploit chiral effective field theory in order to extrapolate lattice results to physical quark masses, new forms of improving operators to remove lattice artefacts, analytical studies of finite-volume effects in hadronic observables, and state-of-the-art lattice calculations of excited resonances. This volume, comprised of selected lectures, is designed to assist those outside the field who want quickly to become literate in these topics. As such, it provides graduate students and experienced researchers in other areas of hadronic physics with the background through which they can appreciate, if not become active in, contemporary lattice-gauge theory and its applications to hadronic phenomena.
This book presents a recent survey of the advances in hadron physics. The main topics are nonperturbative high energy processes in QCD, deep inelastic scattering and perturbative QCD, RHIC and quark-gluon plasma physics and effective theories for low energy QCD.The book contains four series of lectures written in a pedagogical style and a number of short papers on the main subject. They will benefit researchers who want to be familiar with the frontiers of hadron physics and its connection with the large experimental programs under development in laboratories such as the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Thomas Jefferson National Laboratory.