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The North American Mosaic has four overarching features. First, it is, to the extent feasible, based on comparable information on the status and trends of major indicators of the state of the environment in Canada,Mexico, and the United States. Second, the report confirms that these three countries together make up an incredibly complex, dynamic, and interconnected ecosystem in which humans play a dominant and decisive role. Third, the report raises important and sometimes disquieting questions concerning the sustainability of some current trends. Finally, the report is a reminder that our economic, social, and physical well-being are utterly dependent on the life-sustaining services provided by nature. This report emphasizes the importance of developing mutually compatible economic, social, and environmental goals and policies across the three-country region.
This edition of the World Bank has been revised and expanded by the Terminology Unit in the Languages Services Division of the World Bank in collaboration with the English, Spanish, and French Translation Sections. The Glossary is intended to assist the Bank's translators and interpreters, other Bank staff using French and Spanish in their work, and free-lance translator's and interpreters employed by the Bank. For this reason, the Glossary contains not only financial and economic terminology and terms relating to the Bank's procedures and practices, but also terms that frequently occur in Bank documents, and others for which the Bank has a preferred equivalent. Although many of these terms, relating to such fields as agriculture, education, energy, housing, law, technology, and transportation, could be found in other sources, they have been assembled here for ease of reference. A list of acronyms occurring frequently in Bank texts (the terms to which they refer being found in the Glossary) and a list of international, regional, and national organizations will be found at the end of the Glossary.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is steadily moving from the margins to the mainstream across the spectrum of private companies, NGOs and the public sector. It has grown from being a concept embraced by a small number of companies such as The Body Shop in the early 1990s to a widespread global movement. At its weakest level, it is represented by a few philanthropic gestures by organizations but, when applied in its most complete form, it can steer the organization or sector to deliver a fully fledged, system-wide, multi-stakeholder operation, accompanied by multiple types of certification.For the first time, a book brings together key issues relating to CSR as they apply to different aspects of business; it is not another generalist title about CSR. Michael Hopkins, a leading expert in the field, is joined by a number of outstanding contributors to the book, to explain how CSR has evolved since the 1990s and to offer ground-breaking insights and practical and specific applications of the concept. For example, Mervyn King explains Integrating Reporting, Deborah Leipziger looks at the laws and standards for CSR, Branding and the Supply Chain, George Starcher provides a framework for Socially Responsible Restructuring, and Adrian Henriques explores Social Accounting and Stakeholder Dialogue.
A manifesto for a radically different philosophy and practice of manufacture and environmentalism "Reduce, reuse, recycle" urge environmentalists; in other words, do more with less in order to minimize damage. But as this provocative, visionary book argues, this approach perpetuates a one-way, "cradle to grave" manufacturing model that dates to the Industrial Revolution and casts off as much as 90 percent of the materials it uses as waste, much of it toxic. Why not challenge the notion that human industry must inevitably damage the natural world? In fact, why not take nature itself as our model? A tree produces thousands of blossoms in order to create another tree, yet we do not consider its abundance wasteful but safe, beautiful, and highly effective; hence, "waste equals food" is the first principle the book sets forth. Products might be designed so that, after their useful life, they provide nourishment for something new-either as "biological nutrients" that safely re-enter the environment or as "technical nutrients" that circulate within closed-loop industrial cycles, without being "downcycled" into low-grade uses (as most "recyclables" now are). Elaborating their principles from experience (re)designing everything from carpeting to corporate campuses, William McDonough and Michael Braungart make an exciting and viable case for change.
Cities of Tomorrow is a critical history of planning in theory and practice in the twentieth century, as well as of the social and economic problems and opportunities that gave rise to it. Trenchant, perceptive, global in coverage, this book is an unrivalled account of its crucial subject. The third edition of Cities of Tomorrow is comprehensively revised to take account of abundant new literature published since its original appearance, and to view the 1990s in historical perspective. This is the definitive edition, reviewing the development of the modern planning movement over the entire span of the twentieth century.
Protected Area Governance and Management presents a compendium of original text, case studies and examples from across the world, by drawing on the literature, and on the knowledge and experience of those involved in protected areas. The book synthesises current knowledge and cutting-edge thinking from the diverse branches of practice and learning relevant to protected area governance and management. It is intended as an investment in the skills and competencies of people and consequently, the effective governance and management of protected areas for which they are responsible, now and into the future. The global success of the protected area concept lies in its shared vision to protect natural and cultural heritage for the long term, and organisations such as International Union for the Conservation of Nature are a unifying force in this regard. Nonetheless, protected areas are a socio-political phenomenon and the ways that nations understand, govern and manage them is always open to contest and debate. The book aims to enlighten, educate and above all to challenge readers to think deeply about protected areas—their future and their past, as well as their present. The book has been compiled by 169 authors and deals with all aspects of protected area governance and management. It provides information to support capacity development training of protected area field officers, managers in charge and executive level managers.
It is in the best interest of all concerned that tourism become sustainable and environmentally compatible. This need for "sustainable development" is and more by the responsible parties. Moreover, in the being recognised more search for solution strategies the realisation is gaining ground that tourism must be viewed as a worldwide phenomenon whose development must be co-ordinated in a co-operative effort spanning regions and continents. That the preservation of biological diversity also requires global co operation has been confirmed by over 170 countries which have already acceded to the "Convention on Biological Diversity". It is thus an important task to provide the foundations for joint action. Germany, one of the largest source countries of international tourism, must feel particularly obligated in this regard. The report published here is the result of a research project com missioned by the German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. The study pursued and examined the thesis that the Convention on Biological Diversity be used as a central instrument for arriving at international principles and regulations for combining nature conservation and tourism which could lead to a sustainable development of tourism. To further the discussion, the authors brought the study to a logical conclusion by working out a proposal for a "tourism protocol" additional to the existing Convention on Biodiversity. Such a protocol additional to the Convention would entail the stipulation of internationally binding implementation and regulations for achieving sustainable tourism.
Breve historia de la moda femenina y su papel en la sociedad a lo largo de los siglos. El inicio del movimiento por la igualdad de género y su relación con la moda. La moda femenina es mucho más que ropa y complementos; A lo largo de la historia, ha sido una poderosa herramienta de expresión, afirmación de la identidad y reflejo de los valores sociales de cada época. Desde la antigüedad, las mujeres han utilizado la moda como forma de comunicación no verbal, transmitiendo mensajes sobre su posición social, estatus e incluso sus aspiraciones. En este capítulo, exploraremos brevemente la historia de la moda femenina y cómo se entrelaza con la búsqueda de la igualdad de género. La historia de la moda femenina se remonta a los inicios de la humanidad, donde los primeros signos de decoraciones y adornos ya demostraban una preocupación por la apariencia y la diferenciación de roles sociales entre hombres y mujeres. A medida que las civilizaciones progresaron, la ropa de las mujeres se volvió cada vez más compleja y diversa, reflejando las creencias, valores y jerarquías de las sociedades en las que vivían estas mujeres. En la Edad Media, por ejemplo, la moda femenina estaba fuertemente influenciada por la religión y las expectativas sociales de la época. La ropa de las mujeres era a menudo exuberante, con corsés ajustados y faldas voluminosas, simbolizando su posición como adorno social. Sin embargo, esta opulencia también fue una restricción, ya que la moda imponía limitaciones a la movilidad y comodidad de las mujeres. Con el surgimiento de la Ilustración en el siglo XVIII y el inicio de la Revolución Industrial, la moda femenina sufrió cambios significativos. El énfasis en la razón y el progreso social condujo a una mayor demanda de ropa práctica y funcional. El llamado "disfraz de Amazon" ganó popularidad y representa una ruptura con los vestidos excesivamente ornamentados del pasado. Este período también vio el comienzo de los movimientos sufragistas, que buscaban el derecho de las mujeres al voto y la igualdad de derechos civiles. En el siglo XX, la moda femenina vivió una auténtica revolución. Las dos Guerras Mundiales tuvieron un profundo impacto en la forma de vestir de las mujeres, ya que muchas asumieron roles tradicionalmente masculinos mientras los hombres estaban en el frente. Esto culminó con el surgimiento del movimiento feminista en las décadas de 1960 y 1970, que desafió las normas de género y buscó la igualdad en muchos aspectos de la vida, incluida la moda. En este contexto, la moda se convirtió en una forma de protesta y expresión política para muchas mujeres. El uso de pantalones por parte de las mujeres, por ejemplo, se consideró inicialmente una afrenta a las normas sociales, pero pronto se convirtió en un símbolo del empoderamiento femenino y la lucha por la igualdad de género. Desde entonces, la moda femenina ha sido una plataforma para expresar la diversidad y complejidad de las identidades femeninas. Marcas y diseñadores se han involucrado en campañas que promueven la inclusión, la diversidad y la ruptura de estereotipos de género. El movimiento por la igualdad de género ha impulsado la creación de ropa y accesorios que trascienden las normas tradicionales y permiten a las mujeres sentirse cómodas y seguras de sí mismas. Así, la moda femenina ha evolucionado como un espejo de la sociedad, reflejando sus transformaciones, luchas y logros. El movimiento por la igualdad de género y la moda están intrínsecamente vinculados y ambos buscan deconstruir estándares rígidos y abrir espacios para la libertad, la autonomía y el empoderamiento de las mujeres . A lo largo de este libro electrónico , exploraremos cómo la moda femenina y el movimiento por la igualdad de género se influyen mutuamente, dando forma y redefiniendo nuestra percepción de la feminidad, el empoderamiento y la igualdad. Aprenda mucho más...
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) expresses a fundamental morality in the way a company behaves toward society. It follows ethical behavior toward stakeholders and recognizes the spirit of the legal and regulatory environment. The idea of CSR gained momentum in the late 1950s and 1960s with the expansion of large conglomerate corporations and became a popular subject in the 1980s with R. Edward Freeman's Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach and the many key works of Archie B. Carroll, Peter F. Drucker, and others. In the wake of the financial crisis of 2008–2010, CSR has again become a focus for evaluating corporate behavior. First published in 1953, Howard R. Bowen’s Social Responsibilities of the Businessman was the first comprehensive discussion of business ethics and social responsibility. It created a foundation by which business executives and academics could consider the subjects as part of strategic planning and managerial decision-making. Though written in another era, it is regularly and increasingly cited because of its relevance to the current ethical issues of business operations in the United States. Many experts believe it to be the seminal book on corporate social responsibility. This new edition of the book includes an introduction by Jean-Pascal Gond, Professor of Corporate Social Responsibility at Cass Business School, City University of London, and a foreword by Peter Geoffrey Bowen, Daniels College of Business, University of Denver, who is Howard R. Bowen's eldest son.