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This report is intended to be a primer on the characteristics that affect the design, use and operations of changeable message signs (CMSs), and to provide guidance on the selection of the appropriate type of CMS display. Guidelines on the selection and design of CMS messages are presented in a companion report, Report No. FHWA/TX-92/1232-10 entitled "Guidelines on the Selection and Design of Messages for Changeable Message Signs". This report is an update and consolidation of the following reports: (1) C.L. Dudek and R.D. Huchingson, "Manual on Real-Time Motorist Information Displays", FHWA-IP-86-16, August 1986; (2) C.L. Dudek, "Guidelines on the Use of Changeable Message Signs", FHWA-TS-90-043, May 1991; and (3) C.L. Dudek, "Portable Changeable Message Signs at Work Zones", FHWA/TX-85/07+292-4, July 1984
In this report, researchers document the development of a field guide for portable changeable message sign use in work zones. Included in the report is a summary and critique of available national and state-level standards and guidance on portable changeable message sign (PCMS) use, description of the components included in the field guide, and implementation considerations for field guide deployment. The field guide was developed as a stand-alone product, but is included for illustrative purposes as an appendix to this report.
Portable Changeable Message Sign (PCMS) systems used in work zones are programmable supplementary traffic control devices that display messages composed of letters, symbols or both and provide information and instructions to the traveling public approaching work zone activities. The study seeks to develop warrants and criteria for PCMS deployment in Illinois highway work zones. It is recommended that PCMS systems be used during long- and intermediate-term stationary work, for traffic control through incident areas, and in projects where advance-time notification is needed. The discussion focuses on spacing criteria, number of signs required, sign visibility and message legibility, text alignment, distance criteria, message length, duration and type, project-level operational guidelines, message storage and dissemination, repair, maintenance and utility costs, as well as control and coordination issues. The study concludes that additional research is needed in order to: develop a comprehensive standardized statewide database of messages and message abbreviations; develop a comprehensive repository with information about the technology of the various components of the PCMS units; coordinate PCMS units used in highway work zones with a corridor or regional ATMS system; and maintain information about the use of a PCMS unit in a work zone project and possibly integrate it with other relevant information in a management system.
In this report, researchers document the results of a laptop-based human factors study of alternative formats of presenting advance notice work zone information on portable changeable message signs (PCMSs) and a Texas Transportation Institute (TII) driving simulator study of the ability of motorists to capture and process information on two PCMSs used in sequence to convey information about upcoming traffic situations. Based on the studies, researchers recommend that messages that require the display of calendar dates for future roadwork and other traffic control activities should utilize a message format consisting of the three-character abbreviation of the month (e.g., APR for April) in conjunction with the date. When future work activities span several days all in the same month, the month needs be noted only once in the message (i.e., APR 21-23) rather than repeating the month (i.e., APR 21-APR 23). The ITI driver simulator study results indicate the need to keep overall messages at or below the four-unit maximum recommended in existing guidelines. Researchers found that presenting five units of information on sequential PCMSs resulted in low comprehension rates, below what would be acceptable for highway applications. However, by keeping the message length to four units, it does appear that the use of sequential PCMSs will result in comprehension rates comparable to those obtained by presenting the same information at a single location on a large dynamic message sign (DMS), and is recommended as an acceptable formatting approach for TxDOT. Comprehension may be enhanced by repeating one of the units of information on both PCMSs.
"This synthesis will be of interest to traffic engineers in federal, state, provincial, and local transportation agencies who are responsible for the design and operation of safe and efficiency highway systems. It will also be useful to consulting traffic engineers, sign manufacturers, and vendors in the private sector who assist governmental clients in the application of changeable message sign (CMS) and other intelligent transportation systems (ITS) technology. It is an update of NCHRP Synthesis no. 61 (1979)."--Avant-propos.
TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 52: Wayfinding and Signing Guidelines for Airport Terminals and Landside is designed to provide airports with the tools necessary to help passengers find their way in and around the airport.