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This report contributes to the development of effective procedures for incorporating adequate environmental assessments in all strategic transport sector decisions.
This book focuses on the interaction between shipping and the natural environment and how shipping can strive to become more sustainable. Readers are guided in marine environmental awareness, environmental regulations and abatement technologies to assist in decisions on strategy, policy and investments. You will get familiar with possible paths to improve environmental performance and, in the long term, to a sustainable shipping sector, based on an understanding of the sources and mechanisms of common impacts. You will also gain knowledge on emissions and discharges from ships, prevention measures, environmental regulations, and methods and tools for environmental assessment. In addition, the book includes a chapter on the background to regulating pollution from ships. It is intended as a source of information for professionals connected to maritime activities as well as policy makers and interested public. It is also intended as a textbook in higher education academic programmes.
The TERM 2006 report examines the environmental performance of the transport sector and finds that it is still unsatisfactory. There is a need to intensify efforts to improve it, not least concerning the sector's contribution to climate change. The Commission's mid-term review of the 2001 Transport White Paper proposes changes that can bring both improvements and negative effects depending on how they are applied at European, national and regional level. Concerning the environment, the mid-term review changes the focus from managing transport demand to addressing negative side effects. This change in focus means that transport demand growth is no longer explicitly identified as one of the main environmental issues within the transport sector. As the extent of important environmental impacts such as climate change, noise and landscape fragmentation are closely linked to transport volumes, addressing them still requires the management of transport demand. The overall success of the new policy still hinges on limiting (growth in) transport volumes. This is something which the White Paper failed to do. It remains to be seen whether the new elements in the mid-term review concerning the use of scenarios for long-term planning and a common framework for charging can help to improve the situation.
Environmental impact assessments are an essential component of making decisions on transport infrastructure investments. Traditional procedures have proved ineffective for impacts that go beyond the scope of projects in isolation. Strategic environmental assessment has emerged in response, to address large scale effects including impacts on traffic across networks, impacts on climate change and biodiversity and the impacts of policy decisions as opposed simply to individual projects. This report examines recent experience in developing environmental assessment internationally and makes recommendations on maximising the effectiveness of this new tool.